EXPONENTI

AL
FUNCTIONS
f(x) = x 3
Exponent
(fixed number)
base
(variable)
 An EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION with base b
is a function of the
form:
f(x) = b x
Or
y = b (b>0, b
x
The ff. are NOT Examples of EF:

1. f(x) = x 2. g(x) = 1
2 x

Variable is the The base of an EF

base and not the must be a positive
exponent. constant other than
1.
3. h(x) = x x

Both the base and exponent are variables.

 The following will help you to recall, how to
evaluate functions.
To evaluate 2 x
, we need to remember how
exponents work. x y = 2x
0 20 = 1
1 21 = 2
2 22 = 4
3 23 = 8
4 24 = 16
5 25 = 32
6 26 = 64
Your Turn!

If f(x)=4x, evaluate f(2), f(-2), f(1/2)

2 -2 1/2
f(2) = 4x f(-2) = 4x f(2) = 4x
= 42 = 4-2 = 41/2
f(x) = 4x = 16 = =4
=
2
= 2
How to determine if a
certain graph and
equation is an
exponential function?
 Exponential
Functions’
No! GRAPH
The graph is not a
representation of
exponential function; it is a
representation of linear
equation.

Is this an
Exponential
 Exponential
Functions’ GRAPH
yes!

The graph shows an

exponential function.

Is this an Exponential
Functions’ GRAPH?
 Exponential
Functions’ GRAPH
yes!

The graph shows an

exponential function.

Is this an
Exponential
 Independent Assessment
Identify the following is an EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION or NOT
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION.

1. 3.

2. 4.
 Exponential
Functions,
Equations and
Inequalities
Exponential Function, Exponential
Equations and Exponential
Inequalities
Definition:
An exponential
expression is an
expression of the form
a.b + d, where (b>0,
x-c
Let’s distinguish
them…
 Solving
Exponential
Equations
and Inequalities
A.Solving Exponential Equations
The following are examples of exponential
equations:

Properties of Equality for Exponential

Equations
Let a, b, and c be real numbers and a
0.
Then ab = ac , if and only if b = c .
 Solving Exponential
Equations LAWS OF EXPONENTS
For any numbers a and b, and any nonzero real numbers
m and n,
1. 

a b
a c
2. 3.
b c

4. 5. 6.
Solving Exponential Equation
Solving Exponential Equation

Example 2: 3 4x
=
9 x+1

Example 3: 4 =2x

Example 4: 16-x =
 You try this!

1. 5 3x-2
= 625
2. 5 2+2x
=
 PROPERTY OF
EXPONENTIAL
 If
INEQUALITY
b>1, then the
exponential function y=b x

is increasing for all x.

This means the b < b if
x y

and only x<y.

 PROPERTY OF EXPONENTIAL
INEQUALITY
Remember
this!
Case If Then
Remarks
b>1 b x > by x > y
Retain direction of
bx < b y x < y
inequality symbol.
0<b<1 b x > by x < y
Solving Exponential Inequality
Example 1. Solve the inequality 3 <x

9 x-2
. Use
Solution: 3 as the base.
3 <3
x 2(x-2)
(the direction of the inequality is
retained.)

x < 2(x-2)
x < 2x-4
4 < 2x-x
4<x
Solution set: {x є Ŗ|x > 4}
Activity 1: Find the Missing x!
Solve for the values of x for each of the following
exponential equations and inequalities.
 Domain, Range,
Intercepts, Zeroes, and
Asymptotes
of
Exponential Functions
What’s your
INSTINCT?
DOMAIN, RANGE, INTERCEPTS, ZEROES, ASYMPTOTES
Properties of Exponential Functions
1. The DOMAIN is the set of all real
numbers.
2. The RANGE is the set of all positive real
numbers.
3. It is a one-to-one function. It satisfies
the Horizontal line test.
4. The y-intercept is 1. There is NO x-
intercept.
5. The horizontal asymptote is the line
y=0 (or the x-axis). There is NO vertical
asymptote.
Example
s
1. Complete the table of values then graph the functions f(x)
= 3x and g(x) = 4x in the same coordinate. Indicate the
DOMAIN, RANGE, INTERCEPTS and ASYMPTOTE.

Solution:

x -2 -1 0 1
table of values

f(x) 1/9 1/3 1 3

g(x) 1/16 ¼ 1 4
Graph OF BOTH FUNCTIONS: (3X, 4X)

FOR BOTH FUNCTIONS: (3X, 4X)

R}
Domain: Set of all real numbers. {x

Range : Set of all positive real

{y R} or { 0, +∞}
numbers.

Y-intercept: 1
X-intercept: None
Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0
Vertical Asymptote: None
Determining the ZEROES of Exponential Equation
Determine the zero of the given exponential
function.
1. f(x) =
Solution: 3 x

To find the zero of the function, equate it to 0 and

solve for x.
f(x) = 3x = 0
x
The resulting equation =suggests
3 0 that f(x) has NO
ZERO since no real value of x will make 3x = 0 a true
statement.
Determining the ZEROES of Exponential Equation
Determine the zero of the given exponential
function.
2. f(x) =
Solution: 4 x

To find the zero of the function, equate it to 0 and

solve for x.
f(x) = 4x = 0
x
The resulting equation =suggests
4 0 that f(x) has NO
ZERO since no real value of x will make 4x = 0 a true
statement.
Graph OF BOTH FUNCTIONS: (3X, 4X)

FOR BOTH FUNCTIONS: (3X, 4X)

R}
Domain: Set of all real numbers. {x

Range : Set of all positive real

{y R} or { 0, +∞}
numbers.

Y-intercept: 1
X-intercept: None
Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0
Vertical Asymptote: None
Zeroes: none
Let’s DIG DEEPER!
Determine the domain, range, zero, intercepts, and
asymptote of a function

1. g(x)= 5 3x-12
–1
Domain: Set of all real numbers. {x R}

{y R} or { 0, +∞}
Range: Set of all positive real numbers.

Y-intercept: 1
X-intercept:
Zeroes:
Horizontal Asymptote: y = -1
Vertical Asymptote: None
 1. g(x)= 53x-12 – 1
Domain: Set Y-intercept
of all real let x = 0
{x R}
numbers.
g(x)= 53x-12 –
1 -1
53(0)-12
Range: Set 5-12 -1
of all
positive real

{y R}
numbers.

or
{ 0, +∞}
Determining the ZEROES of Exponential Equation
Determining the INTERCEPTS of Exponential Equation
Determining the INTERCEPTS of Exponential Equation
Determining the INTERCEPTS of Exponential Equation
Determining the INTERCEPTS of Exponential Equation
Determining the ASYMPTOTES of Exponential Equatio

Thus, the graph has y = 0 as a horizontal asymptote. One

property of the graph is that it passes the point (0, 1) or the
graph has its y-intercept
 From the graph, you
can see that the

asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥)
horizontal

= 2𝑥 is 𝑦 = 0, while

2x+2 asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥)

the horizontal

y=2 = 2𝑥 + 2 is 𝑦 = 2
y=0
2x
Determine the domain, range, zero,
intercepts and asymptotes of the ff.
exponential functions:

1. y= 2 –4
x+3

2. y= 4 + 8
x

3. y = 3 x+2