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CT Introduction

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Игорь Сорокин
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14 views

CT Introduction

Uploaded by

Игорь Сорокин
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CT Scanner

Aquili
on
Principle of CT Scanner
The absolution value of X-Ray which
penetrates human body depends on its
tissue composition or thickness.

Detecting the absolution difference,


The image is reconfigured by computer.
Main units of CT

Gantry

Console
Couch
The beginning of CT
The beginning of CT
Scanner
Scanner
60‘s EMI, UK
CT SCANNER
Development

(Hounsfield)

1973 EMI
Commercialization of MARK1
Toshiba took care of the sales and service in Japan.

1975The first CT in Japan was instal


at Tokyo Women’s University.
X-Ray Tube High Voltage Generator

Scanning( Data collection)

Image display/Data Processing


/Data storage/filming

Detector
ＣＰＵ / ＤＩＳＫ
Image reconfiguration
Data collection
Patient fixing/move
Raw Data Storage
Image reconfiguration
How to reconfigure the image
CT Scanner

X-Ray Tube

Detector

The set of face-to-face X-Ray Tube and


detector rotates 360º around a patient and
acquires the transversal section image.
Basic Principle

a b c
d e f
g h i
① Assume 3×3=9 Pixels
X-Ray tube position at 12:00
T

a b c
d e f
g h i

a+d+g=X'
b+e+h=Y'
c+f+i=Z'
X-Ray tube position at 1:30

a b c
d e f
b+d=X'" g h i
c+e+g=Y'"

f+h=Z'"
X-Ray tube position at 3:00

a+b+c=X
a b c
d+e+f=Y d e f T

g+h+i=Z g h i
X-Ray tube position at 4:30
b+f ＝ X"
a+e+i=Y"
d+h=Z"
a b c
d e f
g h i
T
Solve the Simultaneous
equation

a+b+c=X a+d+g=X‘ b+f ＝ X“ b+d=X'“


d+e+f=Y b+e+h=Y‘ a+e+i=Y“ c+e+g=Y'“
g+h+i=Z c+f+i=Z' d+h=Z" f+h=Z'"

② Solving simultaneous equation, the values of 、


a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h & i can be obtained.
Color definition for each count

Display density

a b Output count

③Set up the density 得られた全ての数値に対し、濃淡を設定


する
Assign the grayscale on the
pixels

a b c
d e f
g h i

④ Assign the grayscale on the 9 pixels.


Actual image

CT scanner actually has 512×512 pixels.


What is Helical scan?
［ Principle ］ What is Helical scan?
The set of X-Ray tube and detector rotates
around the patient helically and acquires the data continuously.

［ Cutting edge technology ］

1. Slip ring technology


2. High voltage transfer technology
3. High speed table control
4. Large capacity fast memory systems
5. Reconfiguration interpolate algorithm
Body axis
direction
Usefulness of Helical scan
. Short scanning time
(Wide range diagnosis in short time ）

. Diagnosis accuracy improvement


(Acquisition of volume data ）

. 3-Dimntional application
Usefulness Part 1:Short scanning time

Helical Scan

Scan
Top Board Slide speed :10mm/s
Movement
Recofiguration

Conventional Scan
2 ． 7s scan

Scan 天板
移動
天板
移動
天板
移動
天板
移動
天板
移動
天板
移動
天板
移動
．．． 天板
移動
天板
移動

8 seconds for recofiguration


Usefulness Part 2:Diagnosis accuracy

Helical Scan This scanning method leads to be especially visible


a very small tumor by acquiring the volume data.

The target organ possibly is moving up and down when


Conventional Scan the patient must stop breath by each scanning time.
Usefulness Part 3: 3-D application

Helical Scan

Conventional Scan
This method leads to be visible an 1
mm sized aneurism which it is hard
to see by MRI.

Compared with the conventional scan, Helical scan has the following features.
1. Acquiring volume data , very fine pitched image is obtained in short time.
2. It is possible to figure out accurate location of cerebral or lung blood vessel.

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