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Unit 4.5 Soil

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18 views12 pages

Unit 4.5 Soil

Uploaded by

moorasaysawt
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 4.

5
Soil
What is soil?

● Rocks fragments ( 45 % ) : small pieces of rock.


● Air ( 25 % ) : all plants organs repair, including
their roots. They need good supply of oxygen.
When water is removed from soil, air replaced it.
● Water ( 25 % ) : vital part of the soil. Plants used
their root to absorb water. Soil nutrient dissolve
in water, so plants root can take them it.
● Humus : made up of decayed plants and
animals. It is a store of nutrients for microbes.
Soil types

● Soil sizes determined the properties of soil.

Small stone ( more than 2.00 mm )

Sand ( 0.05 - 2.00 mm)

Silt (0.002 - 0.05mm )

Clay ( less than 0.002 mm )

Types of soil are:

* Clay soil ( 40 % rock fragments)

* Sandy soil ( rock fragments )

* Loam ( 40 5 sand, 40 5 silt , 20 % clay )


Soil properties

Soil texture
● Sandy soil - gritty
● Dry silty soil - floury
● Clay soil - sticky when wet and hard when dry )
Soil drainage

● Water drains quickly through some soils,


slowly through others.

Type of soil Volume of water collected in 30


min (cm3)

clay 19

sand 91

loam 52
Fossils
Fossils

● The fossil record tells us about the history of life


on Earth
● Palaeontologists ( Collect and study fossils )

Oldest plants
● earliest
Human fossils
Fossils tell us about our human past.
Dinosaurs
Estimating the age of the Earth

Rock strata
● Sedimentary rock are built up layer by layer,
over millions of year. The layer are called strata.
● Rock strata of the same age contain fossils of the
same living organisms.
● Certain fossils are only found in the rock strata of
certain ages.
Geological
Time
scale

Rock strata tell us


about the order of
events.
Index fossils identify
geological time
periods.
Radiometric dating
measures the ages
of rocks.

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