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Lecture Notes Week 12

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s11197376
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Hydraulics Structures

Week 12, Semester 2, 2021


Lecture Notes (1, 2 and 3)

Presented By :
Dr Alvin Lal
Discussion for CV322!!

Dams
Weirs
Flumes
Spillways
Hydraulic gates
Drainage
DAMS
A dam is a hydralic structure
constructed across a river or a
natural stream to store water on its
up stream side.
It is an imprevious or fairly
impervious barrier put across a
river or a natural stream to create
a reservoir for impounding water.
Also to diverse a water from river,
or to retain debris flowing in the
river alongwith water.
Visit this link to get detailed information on DAMS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epWy64bTxzs
Types of Dams
Gravity dam--------Storage dam
Earth dam----------Storage dam
Rockfill dam-------Storage dam
Weir dam---------- Diversion dam
Barrage------------ Diversion dam
Arch dam---------- Storage dam
Buttress dam-------Storage dam
Gravity Dam
A gravity dam is solid masonary or concrete
structure with its cross section approximately
triangular in hape.
It's required little maintance and is most commonly
used.
constructed either of masonary or concrete.
Al the forces of dam including its self weight are
transmitted to the foundation.
Either straight or curved in plan.
Various forces acting on gravity dam are water
pressure, weight of dam, uplifft pressure,
earthquake forces, silt pressure, wave pressure, ice
pressure and wind pressure.
The hightest dams in the world are of gravity type.
.

Gravity dam
Rockfill Dam
A rockfill dam is an embankment
which uses variable sizes of
quarried stones(rocks) to provide
stabililty.
An impervious membrance to
provide water tightness.
With the help of transportation
equipments, it is possible to build
fairly high rock-fill dams.
.

Rockfill Dam
Arch Dam
A dam which is constructed in the form
of an arch supported on abutments is
called the arch dam.
It's having a curved shape plan.
So it can stored more amount of water.
It's having water pressure horizontally to
the abutments by arch action.
And water pressure is transferred to the
foundation by cantilever action.
The arch dam may be constructed in
masonary or concrete.
.

Arch Dam
Buttress Dam
A butrress dam consists of a number of
buttresses or piers dividing the space to be
dammed into a number of spans.
To stored the water between these buttresses,
panels are constructed of horizontal arches or
flat slabs.
when the panels consit of arches,it is considered
as multiple type of buttress dam.
If the panels consist of flat slab, it is known as
deck type buttress dam.
The inclination of the deck slab is 30° -45°.
Road can be constructed on the top of the dam.
.

Buttress Dam
Barrage
A bareage is a type of low-head,
diversion dam which consists of a
number of large gates that can be
opened or closed to control the amount
of water..
It is useful for irrigation and other
system.
A barrage is built for diverting water,
and raise the water level only a few feet.
.

It is build on flat terrain across wide, often


meandering rivers.
Barrage crest is kept at low level and the
rising up of water level by gates.
During the fluids, the gates are raised to
clear off the high flood level, enabling the
high flood to pass down stream with
minimum afflux.
In this way floods are control in the river.
Check Dam
A check dam is a small dam, which can
be either temporary or permanent, built
across a minor channel, or drainage
ditch.
In this dam sediments and pollutants
are settle down.
It is build with logs, stones or sandhogs.
.

It is also construcred with rockfill


or wooden boards.
Excess water is passed over the
dam.
The impounded water slowly
infiltrates into the soil and
recharges the ground water
aquifer.
WEIRS
A weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter its
flow characteristics.
A weir is a solid obstruction.
Weir is placed in river to raise the water level and divert
the water into the canal.
Weirs help to pool the water behind, while allowing
water to flow steadily over their tops.
If a weir stores water for tiding over small periods of
short supplies, it is called a storage weir.
The main defference between a storage weir and a dam
is only hieght and duration for which the supply is
stored.
Durring floods the shutters maybe dropped down to
allow water to flow over the crest of the weir.
It allter the flow of rivers to prevent flooding, measure
More info.
Weir Discharge
.

Weirs
.

Weirs are classified further in


two parts,depend on the design
of their floor.

(1) Gravity weirs


(2) Non-gravity weirs
.
Types of flumes
More on flumes
Visit
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsFOZuG3Jtw

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