Hypersonic engines

By : Group 3
To : Dr. Rami Rabie
I. Introduction

Explanation of hypersonic engines

Hypersonic engines are a type of propulsion technology that allows

aircraft to fly at speeds greater than five times the speed of sound, or
Mach 5. These engines are typically used in military applications, such
as missiles, and are being developed for potential use in civilian
transportation, such as supersonic passenger planes
 Importance of hypersonic technology

 Types of Hypersonic Engines and it Work

 Advantages and Challenges of Hypersonic

Engines

 Current Developments and Research

 Quarter Horse
Importance of hypersonic
technology
• Military Applications: They can provide enhanced strike capabilities,
greater operational range, and increased survivability on the
battlefield.

• Global Reach and Reduced Response Time: Hypersonic technology can

significantly reduce the response time for military and intelligence
operations.

• Space Exploration: Reusable hypersonic vehicles could dramatically

reduce the cost and time required to reach orbit and conduct space
missions.

• Transportation: Hypersonic passenger aircraft could significantly

reduce travel times, making intercontinental flights much faster.

• Scientific Research: It allows scientists and engineers to study high-

speed aerodynamics, materials behavior under extreme conditions,
and the effects of hypersonic flight on various systems. This
knowledge can be applied to improve aircraft design, propulsion
systems, and materials, leading to advancements in aviation and
aerospace industries.
• National Security: Countries with hypersonic capabilities have a
strategic advantage, as they can better defend their territories
and project power globally.

• Technological Advancement: Advancements in hypersonic

technology drive innovation in various fields. Developing
hypersonic systems requires advancements in materials science,
aerodynamics, propulsion systems, and control technologies.
These advancements have spillover effects, leading to
improvements in other sectors, such as energy, manufacturing,
and computing.

It is important to note that while hypersonic technology offers

significant benefits, it also raises concerns regarding arms races,
proliferation, and potential destabilization of international security.
As with any emerging technology, responsible and careful
management is crucial to harness its potential while mitigating
risks.
II. Types of Hypersonic Engines and it Work

• Ramjet engines

Ram jet works by using the speed of the aircraft

to compress incoming air and then ignite it with
fuel to create thrust. This type of engine can only
work at speeds above Mach 1 and becomes less
efficient as the aircraft's speed increases.
• Scramjet engines

which stands for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet engines, work

by compressing incoming air at supersonic speeds and then
igniting it with fuel to generate thrust. This type of engine only
works at speeds above Mach 5 and does not have any moving
parts.
• Dual-mode ramjet/scramjet engines

can switch between the two modes of operation

depending on the speed of the aircraft.
Turbo Jet, Ramjet and Scramjet
Engines
 The primary difference between
turbojet, ramjet, and scramjet
engines is the speed at which they
operate most efficiently. Turbojets
operate at subsonic speeds, ramjets
operate at supersonic speeds, and
scramjets operate at hypersonic
speeds. Turbojets are the most
efficient at subsonic speeds, making
them ideal for commercial aviation.
Ramjets are most efficient at
supersonic speeds and are suitable
for high-speed military aircraft and
missiles. Scramjets are the most
efficient at hypersonic speeds,
making them ideal for space
exploration and high-speed aircraft.
 Another difference between the three engines is their
complexity. Turbojets have the simplest design, with a
compressor, combustion chamber, and exhaust nozzle.
Ramjets have a more complex design that requires
significant kinetic energy to start and maintain operation.
Scramjets are the most complex of the three, with a design
that allows them to operate efficiently at hypersonic speeds.

 Another advantage of scramjets and ramjets is their

simplicity compared to turbojets. Scramjets have no moving
parts, and ramjets have fewer moving parts than turbojets,
which makes them more reliable and easier to maintain.

 In terms of specific applications, turbojets are most

commonly- used in commercial and military aircraft, while
scramjets and ramjets are primarily used in missiles and
hypersonic vehicles.
Advantages &
Disadvantages
Turbojet Engine :

turbojet engine is a type of jet engine that operates by

compressing incoming air, mixing it with fuel, igniting the
mixture, and then expanding the exhaust gases through a
turbine to generate thrust

Advantages:

 High efficiency at subsonic speeds: Turbojet engines are

most efficient at subsonic speeds, making them suitable for
commercial airliners and subsonic military aircraft.

 Wide operational range: Turbojet engines can operate

across a wide range of altitudes and speeds.

 Higher thrust at low speeds: Turbojet engines provide

higher thrust at low speeds compared to ramjets and
scramjets.
Disadvantages:

 Lower efficiency at high speeds: Turbojet engines become

less efficient at higher speeds due to increased drag and
limited compression capabilities.

 Limited supersonic capability: Turbojet engines are not

optimized for supersonic flight and have limited
performance at higher speeds.

 Noise and fuel consumption: Turbojet engines can be noisy

and have higher fuel consumption compared to more
advanced engine types.
Disadvantages:

 Limited operational range: Ramjets have a limited

operational range due to their inability to operate
efficiently at subsonic speeds.

 Lack of self-starting capability: Ramjets require initial

acceleration from another source, such as a rocket booster
or a launching aircraft, before they can begin working.

 Reduced fuel efficiency at low speeds: Ramjets operate less

efficiently at low speeds due to reduced compression and
increased drag {1}
Ramjet Engine :

ramjet engine is a type of airbreathing engine that operates

without rotating components. It relies on the forward motion of
the aircraft to compress incoming air and generate thrust.

Advantages:

 Simplicity: Ramjet engines have a simpler design

compared to turbojet engines, with no rotating components
like compressors or turbines.

 High-speed capability: Ramjets are most efficient at high

speeds, typically above Mach 2, making them suitable for
certain military applications and missiles.
Scramjet Engine :

scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) engine is a variant

of a ramjet engine that operates with supersonic airflow during
combustion. It is designed for hypersonic flight.

Advantages:

 High-speed capability: Scramjets can achieve higher

speeds than ramjets due to their ability to maintain
supersonic airflow during combustion.

 Improved efficiency at hypersonic speeds: Scramjets are

optimized for hypersonic flight, offering better efficiency
and performance at extremely high speeds.

 Potential for space launch systems: Scramjets are being

explored for potential use in space launch systems due to
their high-speed capabilities.
Disadvantages:

 Limited operational range: Similar to ramjets, scramjets

have a limited operational range due to their inability to
operate efficiently at subsonic speeds.

 Technical challenges: Designing and building efficient

scramjet engines pose significant technical challenges,
including air compression and flame stabilization at
hypersonic speeds.

 Experimental stage: Scramjets are still in the experimental

stage and are not yet widely implemented in practical
applications.
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet)
is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet
engine in which combustion takes place in
supersonic airflow. As in ramjets, a
scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to
compress the incoming air forcefully before
combustion (hence ramjet), but whereas a
ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic
velocities before combustion using shock
cones, a scramjet has no shock cone and
slows the airflow using shockwaves
produced by its ignition source in place of
a shock cone. This allows the scramjet to
operate efficiently at extremely high
speeds.
IV. Advantages and Challenges of Hypersonic Engines

Advantages:
High speeds
Potential for supersonic and
hypersonic passenger travel
Military applications

Challenges:
High temperatures and heat
management
Material durability
Safety concerns
V. Current Developments and Research

• Current state of hypersonic engine development

• Current research initiatives
• Public and private sector investment
VI. Applications of Hypersonic Engines

• Military applications
• Potential for commercial air travel
• Space exploration
Can we build a domestic airplane fly at
Mach 5?
And how can we achieve that?
Quarter Horse
‫‪Group members‬‬

‫محمود عطيتو محمود‬ ‫•‬

‫السمان‬
‫محمود علي صالح الدين‬ ‫•‬
‫محمد ابو الفضل‬ ‫•‬
‫محمد علي‬
‫محمد علي عبدربه سالم‬ ‫•‬
‫شمس عبدالحليم العايدي‬ ‫•‬
‫عمر رأفت سالمه سالم‬ ‫•‬
‫عمر الحسين أحمد عبدالله‬ ‫•‬
‫أحمد مصطفي ابراهيم‬ ‫•‬
‫سليمان‬
‫أنور أسامة أحمد رزق‬ ‫•‬
‫عبدالله محمد ابراهيم‬ ‫•‬
‫احمد عبد المحيي نمر‬ ‫•‬
‫على طارق محمود كمال‬ ‫•‬
‫محمد أحمد السيد أمين‬ ‫•‬