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OR Setup Endex

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22 views

OR Setup Endex

Uploaded by

ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OR setup

By Dr Endale
Introduction
• An Operating Theatre (OT) (also known as an
operating room (OR), or surgery suite) is a
facility within a hospital where surgical
operations are carried out in an aseptic
environment
• Safety in operating room environments is
paramount to surgery regardless of setting.
• The operating theater poses unique risks to
patients and staff members, and
• So it is important to understand how to
properly set up a functioning operating
theater to minimize these.
Classifications
• Classification is based on ;
• Extent of surgery,
• minor and major surgery OT
• Types of service provided
• in patient OT
• Out patient OT
• Sharing of OT
• decentralized and centralized OT
• Urgency situation-emergency and elective OT
Zones of OT
• Zoning is the process of division of space/area
in which certain uses are permitted or
prohibited.
• Zoning aims to achieve a high degree of
asepsis, thereby eliminating chances of
nosocomial infections.
Cn…d
• Has 3 zones
• Zone 1-outermost,unsterile,nonrestricted or interchange
zone .
• it avoids exposure to contaminated areas after changing
surgical attiires
• Zone 2-middle intermediate or semi restricted area.
• It should be large enough to accommodate surgical
supplies.
Zone 3
• Is innermost or most sterile or most restricted
zone
Layout and Physical Requirements

• The operating theater should be


accommodating to safe surgery and
anesthesia
• should be at least 7x7m with a ceiling height
of 3.5m.
• This is to allow adequate space for operating
theater equipment, intraoperative imaging
and patient monitoring.
The typical design and layout of the operating
theater involves
 a patient bed with an anesthesia machine at
the head,
 surgeons and assistants standing to the right
and left of the patient and
 a scrub technician near the feet of the
patient or to one side with a sterile table full of
surgical equipment.
• Each operating room fits into a well designed system
that meets the various needs of operative patient
care.
• In addition to easy access to the operating rooms
themselves, a theater area should include:
● A waiting room for patients and family with reception
● Patient changing areas
● Examination rooms
● A pharmacy
● Storage areas for surgical and anesthesia equipment
• A central supply store for non-reusable items
• A surgical instrument storage area
• Decontamination and sterilization facilities
• A postoperative recovery area
• Dressing rooms for theater staff
• Lounge for theater staff
• Clinicians’ work and documentation area
Environment
• TEMPERATURE
• The temperature of the operating theater
should be between 18°C and 24°C.
• Keeping the room above 18ºC is important to
prevent intraoperative hypothermia.
Humidity
• The humidity in the operating room is a safety
concern.
• If the operating room is above 60% humidity,
condensation may occur on cool surfaces and
affect the integrity of barrier devices.
• If the humidity is less than 20%, static charge
may build up and contribute to operating
theater fires.
• Additionally, low humidity facilitates the
spread of airborne disease vectors.
• Therefore, it is advised to keep the operating
theater between 20-60% humidity.
Ventilation
• The ventilation system of an operating theater should
minimize the spread of contaminants and infectious
agents.
• Therefore, the operating theater should maintain
negative pressure, thereby preventing airflow out to the
hall or other operating theaters.
• Additionally, the flow of fresh air into the theater should
allow for six to ten total air exchanges each hour.
• This circulation can be achieved by exhausting the
operating room air outside or recirculating it through a
filtered system.
Noise
• The operating theater is full of various noises which
can be damaging to patients and operating theater
personnel.
• At the very least, excessive noise makes
communication difficult.
• Sources of noise includes:
suction machines,
forced air warmers,
alarms, and
surgical equipment.
• The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) recommends noise to be less than 80 decibels on average
(which is louder than conversational level).
• The World Health Organization advises noise levels to remain
below 35dB in operating theatres to facilitate a peaceful
environment for patients

• Certain equipment in the operating theater can get above 125 dB,
and hearing protection may be required while those machines are
in use.
Lighting
• Lighting in the operating theater can help a
surgeon visualize the surgical field, allow
intraoperative nursing/technicians to perform
their functions, and ensure safe anesthesia is
provided.
• While different surgeries require different
types/intensities of lighting, it is generally
accepted that lighting capabilities of at least
200 foot-candles is required.
• As light source technology improves, there are
brighter and more affordable lighting systems in the
form of LED technologies that can be used in
headlamps, overhead lights, and orbit lights.
• The use of LED technologies also reduces the
amount of infrared heat produced with other light
sources.
• Finally, backup lighting in the form of battery
powered flashlights and headlamps should be made
available in cases of power insecurity.
Radiation/Intraoperative Imaging
• Radiation exposure may occur due to
diagnostic imaging done intraoperatively.
• This includes fluoroscopy, linear
accelerators/beam therapy, computed
tomography (CT), and x-rays.
• The goal in the operating theater is to use
radiation “as low as reasonably practical.”
• Radiation exposure is reduced by using shielding
techniques, decreasing the duration of exposure, and
increasing the distance from the radioactive source.
• In order to shield organs that are highly sensitive to
radiation (such as eyes, thyroid, gonads, and blood),
it is recommended to wear lead shields or to stand
behind leaded walls or shields.
• This protective equipment should be tested every
year to ensure full protection
ACCESSIBILITY
• The OT complex shall have easy access to
Intensive Care Units (ICU), maternity ward,
and CSSD

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