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Elements and Compounds

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Tamara Carey
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13 views

Elements and Compounds

Uploaded by

Tamara Carey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements &

Compounds
PURE SUBSTANCE
Something that can not be
broken down into simpler matter
using physical methods.

There are two types of


substances…
Elements & Compounds.
ELEMENTS

 Are the simplest kind of pure substance.

 There are ~ 110 elements, each made of a different type of atom (periodic table).
 Each element has a name and symbol.
Not all elements are equally
common.
Most elements can
exist as a single
atom (Fe, Cu):
Diatomic Gases
Hydrogen H2
But some elements Nitrogen N2
(mostly gases) Oxygen O2
usually exist as Fluorine F2
diatomic molecules Chlorine Cl2
(groups of 2 atoms). Bromine Br2
Iodine I
Allotropes
Different structural forms of the same element.

Oxygen has 3 allotropes:

O
O2 O3
Monatomic
Oxygen Diatomic Ozone
(Single Oxygen Oxygen Molecule
Atom) Molecule
Allotropes of Carbon

Diamond Graphite

All are pure carbon. Each has a different structure.

Fullerenes Carbon Nanotubes


COMPOUNDS

 Are pure substances that are composed of


multiple types of elements (2 or more),
chemically bonded to one another.

 Compounds can not be broken down by


physical methods (they can be broken down
by chemical reactions).
COMPOUNDS

 Have definite compositions, with element ratios


indicated by
subscripts (H2O).

 We call this building block


the “water molecule”.
COMPOUNDS

 The properties of compounds


are very different from the
properties of the elements that
make them up!
Na + Cl  NaCl
Matter Flowchart

MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically
separated?

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes Is the composition no yes Can it be chemically no


uniform? decomposed?

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixture
Mixture Compound Element
Solutions + Alloys
What are each
of these?

Atom,
Element,
Molecule,
or
Compound
Four different molecules:
• Which are compounds?
Warmup 11/21/11 (R)
Types of Particles: Atoms or Molecules or Both?
Types of Matter: Elements or Compounds or Mixture?
Chemical Symbols Represent
Elements Chemical
Symbols are
either one or two
letters.
If one letter, it is
always
capitalized.
If two letters, the
first is
capitalized, the
A chemical symbol implies one second is lower
atom of that element. case.
Chemical Formulas show how many
atoms of each element are in one molecule
of an element or compound:
Chemical # of # of atoms # of Carbon
Formula elements total atoms
O2 1 2 0
H2O 2 3 0
C3H8O 3 12 3
C6H12O4Cl 4 23 6
Nuts, Bolts, Washers

Is it an element, compound, or mixture?


What are the element and compound formulas?
Nuts, Bolts, Washers

Is it an element, compound, or mixture?


What are the element and compound formulas?
Nuts, Bolts, Washers

Is it an element, compound, or mixture?


What are the element and compound formulas?
WRITING FORMULAS
When writing formulas, list the elements in
this order:
First…bolts. (Bo)
Second…nuts. (Nu)
Third…washers. (Wa)

Example: BoNuWa2
• All pure substances can be represented by a

Single Chemical Formula:

H2O
If it’s really a pure substance, you should only need to
write ONE chemical formula to describe it’s composition.
How many atoms of each
How many atoms of each element are
element are present in one
present in one molecule of:
molecule of:

(NH4)2SO3
N……………. 2
H…………… 8
S……………. 1
O…………… 3
Practice with Vocabulary:

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