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Unit 9-Wastewater Treatment

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21 views15 pages

Unit 9-Wastewater Treatment

Uploaded by

Motlatsi Joseph
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hydrology

Unit 9:
Wastewater Treatment
What is Wastewater?

• Any form of liquid waste is classified as wastewater.

Types of wastewater:
• Domestic waste or
• Industrial waste which is difficult / expensive to treat
and could cause the environment a lot of harm if left
untreated.
Characteristics of sewage
pollutants
• Organic nature at a diluted suspension in water
• Sewage is considered as strong when there is 1g total
organic matter per 1litre of sewage which could weigh
in the order of 1kg
• Sewage has a soapy or oily odour. Stale sewage
(Sewage that contains little or no oxygen) has a
pronounced odour of hydrogen sulphide and is usually
dark grey
• Mineral matter can be present due to the unlawful
admission of storm water from backyards or manholes
• At 20˚C sewage changes from fresh to stale in 2-6 hrs
depending on temp and concentration of the organic
Sewage Strength

• Indicates the concentration of perishable solids


present in the sewage and varies depending on the
contributing community (Domestic / Industrial).
Sewage Pollutants
Sewage pollutants consist of:
•Solid matter – solid human wastes, papers, rags, vegetable
matter, soil, grit, etc.
Sewage Pollutants
Sewage pollutants consist of:
•Dissolved impurities – materials in solution from domestic and
industrial wastewater
Sewage Pollutants
Sewage pollutants consist of:
•Colloidal matter – material consisting of solids with a very finely
divided state, thus the particles are too small to settle with the
sludge
Organic Concentration

Organic concentration is measured by the following


parameters:
Chemical oxygen demand (COD): This is the amount of
oxygen that sewage will absorb form potassium dichromate in
concentrated boiling sulphuric acid
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): This is the amount of
dissolved oxygen taken up by water dilated sewage at a temp.
of 20°C for 5 days by making use of biological purification in an
enclosed environment
Oxygen absorbed (OA): The permanganate value indicate the
amount of oxygen which a sample of sewage will absorbed
from an acid, potassium permanganate solution during four
hours at a temp. of 27°C.
Oxidation

Important process in sewage treatment is the interaction


between oxygen and another substances
This process is carried out by:
• Bacteria
• Protozoa
• Algae
Bacteria stabilizes sewage in the presence or absence
of oxygen
• Aerobic bacteria – presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic bacteria – absence of oxygen
Sewage Treatment Processes

Wastewater treatment include to following phases:


•Preliminary
•Primary
•Secondary
•Tertiary
Preliminary Treatment
• Screening, grit channels, gauge
Primary Treatment

• Sedimentation – removal of fine organic and inorganic


material in suspension under low flow velocities
• Flow divided into liquid and sludge
Secondary Treatment

• Biological oxidation by means of bio-filter or activated


sludge process
• Secondary settling tanks
Tertiary Treatment

• Filtration, chlorination, final effluent


END
Session 1
(Wastewater Treatment)

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