Scribd
Upload
13 views

Micro Circulation

Uploaded by

imaantayyab2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Micro Circulation

Uploaded by

imaantayyab2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Microcirculation &

Lymphatics

Dr Maryam Raza
Assistant Professor
Physiology
Overall Objectives

Learning Objectives:

• Structure and function of the microcirculation.


• Explain how solutes and fluids are exchanged in capillaries.
• what determines net fluid movement across capillaries.
The Microcirculation

Figure 16-1;
Guyton and Hall
The Microcirculation

• Important in the transport of nutrients to tissues.


• Site of waste product removal.
• Over 10 billion capillaries with a surface area of 500-700 square meters
perform the function of solute and fluid exchange.

Figure 16-1;
Guyton and Hall
Structure
ry Wall
of capillary wall :
• Unicellular layer of endothelial cells
surrounded by a basement membrane.
• Diameter of capillaries is 4 to 9 microns.
• Total thickness is 0.5 microns
• The pores are present between two
adjacent endothelial cells called SLIT
PORES .
• Solute and water move across the capillary
wall via intercellular cleft (space between
cells) or by plasmalemma vesicles.
Figure 16-2; Guyton and Hall
Solute and Fluid Exchange Across
Capillaries:
• Mostly by diffusion.
• Lipid soluble. ( e.g CO2, O2). Substances diffuse
directly through the cell membrane of capillaries.
• Lipid insoluble substances such as H2O, Na, Cl,
and glucose cross capillary walls via intercellular
clefts.
• Concentration differences across capillary
enhance diffusion.
Effect of Molecular Size on Passage Through
Capillary Pores
• The width of capillary intercellular slit pores is
6 to 7 nanometers.

• The permeability of the capillary pores for


different substances varies according to their
molecular diameters.

• The capillaries in different tissues have


extreme differences in their permeabilities.
Relative Permeability of Muscle Capillary Pores to
Different-sized Molecules

Substance Molecular Weight Permeability


Water 18 1.00
NaCl 58.5 0.96
Urea 60 0.8
Glucose 180 0.6
Sucrose 342 0.4
Insulin 5000 0.2
Myoglobin 17,600 0.03
Hemoglobin 69,000 0.01
Albumin 69,000 .0001
Specific capillary
pores in special
organs

• Brain has tight junctions (very


small molecules can pass)
• Liver has wide clefts (large
molecules even plasma proteins
can pass)
• Kidney-small fenestrae (small
molecules and ions can pass
through)
• Gastrointestinal tract-midway
sized pores.
VASOMOTION:

• Intermittent flow of blood through the vessels is called vasomotion.

• Metarterioles and precapillary sphincters are responsible for this control depending upon the
concentration of oxygen available.

• When the rate of oxygen usage by the tissue is great , the rate of vasomotion increases.

• Increased rate of intermittent flow of blood .

• It allows increased amount of blood supply to the tissue , till the demand is fulfilled.
Interstitium and Interstitial
Fluid
• The space between cells is called interstitium,

fluid in this space is called interstitial fluid

• It is made up of collagen and proteoglycan fibers

• Proteoglycans form a mat called brush pile.

• Tissue gel (proteoglycan +fluid whose composition is the


same as that of plasma except with very low proteins)

• Free fluid in vesicles or rivulets


Fluid compartments of the
body:
• Total body fluid= 42 L

• Extracellular fluid 1/3of TBW intracellular fluid 2/3of TBW


• a) interstitial fluid 11 L 28L
• b) plasma 3L
STARLING FORCES:
• Capillary pressure (Pc)
• Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif )
• Capillary plasma colloidal osmotic pressure( ꙥp)
• Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure ( ꙥif )

NFP = net outward forces-net inward force


• Kf = filtration coefficient
• Filtration = Kf ˣ NFP
Filtration at the Arterial end:
Forces tending to move fluid outwards
• Capillary pressure arterial end=30
• Negative interstitial fluid pressure=3
• Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure=8
• Total outward forces = 41
• Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure=28
• Total inward forces=28

• Net filtration =total outward forces-total inward movement

• =41-28=13
Reabsorption at the capillary
Venous end:
Total inward forces
• Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure=28
Forces tending to move fluid outwards
• Capillary pressure=10
• Negative interstitial fluid pressure = 3
• Interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure = 8
• Total outward forces =10+3+8=21
• Net inward force=total inward forces –total outward force
• = 28 – 21 = 7
Capillary exchange with mean
arterial pressure:
• Total outward forces:
• Mean capillary pressure=17.3
• Negative interstitial fluid pressure=3
• Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure=8
• Total=28.3
• Total inward forces:
• Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure=28
Net outward force = 28.3-28 = 0.3
Random Facts:

1) Donnan effect:
• The extra osmotic pressure caused by sodium potassium and other cations
held in the plasma by the proteins is called the Donnan effect.

2)The venous capillaries are more numerous and more permeable as


compared to the arterial capillaries and thus low reabsorption pressure is
required to cause inward movement of fluid.

3)The slight excess of filtration is called the net filtration and it is the fluid that
has to return back to the circulation via lymphatics.
Thank you

You might also like