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Physics 1 Lab

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13 views

Physics 1 Lab

Uploaded by

ariflimon71
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome

AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH(AIUB)


FACULTY OF SCINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHYSICS 1 LAB
FALL 2024-25
Section- B8
LAB REPORT ON
Verification of Newton’s Second Law of Motion by
Atwood Machine.

Submitted by Submitted to
1.Priangshu Majumder Utsha Israt Kabir
2.Arif Hasan Limon
3.Rehan Syed Zihad
4.Golam Kibria
5.Md. Riajul Islam
Index

Theory Procedure Experimental


Apparatus
Data

Result Discussion
Theory
Newton's Second Law of Motion states that theacceleration (a)
is directly proportional to the net force (Fnet) and inversely
proportional to its mass (m).
Fnet = ma

In an Atwood machine, two masses, m and M are connected by


a massless, inextensible string over a frictionless pulley.
Applying Newton’s second law to the masses in an Atwood
machine we get :

For M: Fnet=Mg−T= Ma

For m: Fnet=T−mg= ma
Theory
Solving these gives the theoretical acceleration,
ath=

Since gravity g and the total mass (M+m) are constant,

ath ∝ (M−m)
When M falls a distance D in time t from rest, experimental
acceleration
aex=
Different values of aex are measured for different mass
differences (M-m), and a linear relationship between them
verifies Newton's second law.
Apparatus

Pulley

Two hangers

Different masses

String

Stand and clamp

Meter scale

Stop watch
Procedure
1.The lighter mass was held on the floor attached
to one end of a string.The heavier one attached to
the other end of the string was held up in the air at
a height D fromthe floor. D was measured with a
meter scale.

2.The lighter mass was now released and the time


the heavier mass took to fall onto the floor was
measured.The experiment was run for 7 differences
of (M-m). For each run,the value of the acceleration
in (m/s^2) was obtained experimentally as well as
theoretically. The total mass (M+m) was kept constant
throughout the experiment.

3.An acceleration (ath and aex) versus mass


difference (M-m) graph was plotted using Excel .
Experimental Data
Height Time Mean aex= ath=
M m (M-m)
D t Time (cm.s-2) (cm.s-2)
(gm) (gm) (gm)
(cm) (s) T (s)
0.576
500 200 70.9 0.581 0.61 381.08 420 300
0.676
0.659
475 225 70.9 0.653 0.70 289.39 350 250
0.781
0.774
450 250 70.9 0.889 0.78 233.07 280 200
0.672
0.924
425 275 70.9 1.049 0.97 150.71 210 150
0.950
1.699
400 300 70.9 1.846 1.60 55.39 140 100
1.274
1.897
375 325 70.9 2.096 2.13 31.25 70 50
2.383

350 350 ___ 0 0 0 0


Experimental Data
450
Aex vs M-m

400

350

300
Aex (cm/s2)

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

M-m (gm)
Result

From the "acceleration vs mass difference" graph,


the relationship between experimental acceleration
and mass difference is linear for the Atwood
machine, as the theory says.
Thus, we can say that Newton's second law is
verified.
Discussions

1 . There were some instrumental error in the pulley , so


we repeated the experiment to obtain accurate result.

2 . The results might have been affected by reading errors


while taking readings from the stopwatch. To minimize these
errors,we took a minimum of three readings and calculated
the average value.

3 . The string was slipping off the pulley due to surface


resistance.

4 . There were so many values to calculate, so we had to do


each one carefully.

5 . After plotting the values on the graph, we can see that


some points do not perfectly align with a straight line but are
nearly linear.
Thank You

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