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Lesson 1

Uploaded by

emanuelokala5
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NETWORK & SYSTEM

ADMINISTRATION
MCIT 06103

C.M.N
Introduction
Course Content (...an outline)
1. General Network Concepts
2. LAN Basics
3. Physical Installation & Cabling
4. Network security and Users' Administration
General Network Concepts
What is a computer network?
Computer Network
• a connection of two or more computing devices that
enable the transmission and exchange of information and
resources between them.
• A network connection between these devices can be
established using cable or wireless media.
• Once a connection is established, communication
protocols -- such as TCP/IP, SMTP and HTTP -- are used
to exchange data between the networked devices.
• Networks are critical for business functions therefore,
design decisions made by IT professionals can have far-
reaching implications. A network with a well-planned
design will perform better, will be more secure and
resilient, and easier to troubleshoot, and it will scale easily
and adapt to future technologies.

• So..what is Network design?


Creating a Network Design
• A network diagram is typically the workhorse (hard
worker) of the design process providing a visual
representation of the network
• We create these designs with the aid of network design
applications like Cisco Packet Tracer etc.
• It is important to adhere to best practices while designing
networks.
Network design best practices
• Recognize the value of design
• Design for security
• Design for resilience
• Design for scalability
• Design for visibility
• Continue to design as network needs evolve
Types of Computer Networks
(By Geographical Area)
• LAN
• WAN
• MAN
• PAN
Types of Computer Networks
(By Medium of Transmission)
• Wired Networks – connected by physical wires & cables
like Ethernet. The size & speed of the network dictate
(determine) the type of cable used, and arrangement of
devices in the network.

• Wireless Networks – use infrared, radio or e.m. waves


for transmission across wireless devices. These devices
have built-in antennae and sensors.
Types of Computer Networks
(By Communication Type)
• Multipoint network – multiple devices share channel
capacity and network lines.
• Point-to-point network – devices establish a direct
node-to-node link to transmit data.
• Broadcast network – several interested “parties” (i.e.
devices) can receive one-way transmissions from a single
sending device. Eg. TV stations.
• VPN – Is a secure, P2P connection btn two network
endpoints
Network Architecture
• is the way network services & devices are structured
together to serve connectivity needs of client devices and
applications.
• the design and structure of a computer network - it
includes hardware components, software components,
protocols, and communication technologies.
• A good architecture defines how elements of a network
are organized & how they interact to enable data
communication and resource sharing.
(Cont..) Network Architectures
• Client-server architectures - a central node (or a group
of nodes) manages resources and delivers services to
client devices on a network. Also known as tiered
architectures because of their multiple layers.
• Peer-2-peer (P2P) architectures - two or more
computers are connected as “peers”.
• Hybrid architectures - contain elements of both the P2P
and client server models/architectures.
Advantages of Computer Networks
• Efficient Data transfer/exchange – think of different forms of
digital communication, emails, file sharing, video calls etc.
• Improved Data Storage – think of cloud storage services like
iCloud, Google Drive, DropBox etc.
• Access to information - Users can access information &
resources from anywhere
• Scalability - networks can be expanded to accommodate growing
needs
• Collaboration - Networks promote collaboration and productivity
• Reduced Cost - Networks can be cost effective
Disadvantages of Computer Networks
• Expensive - execution of network can be expensive (inital setup)
• Malware - networks can be a way to spread malicious software
intentionally or otherwise
• Management of the network - managing a network requires
skilled personnel to handle large networks.
• Loss of information - in cases of failure of a network it may lead
to loss of info or inaccessibility of it.
• Hacking - there is a threat of attackers like hackers to intrude
networks especially in open networks like WANs
End of Today’s Lesson
• Identify the advantages & disadvantages of each network
architecture.
• Get to know about “Network Topologies” (the practical
implementation of network architectures).
• Next Lesson:
 LAN Basics - Fundamental parts, LAN Devices, etc.

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