C

B
S
E

M
A

Congruence of
T
H
S

Triangles
C
L
A
S
S

Educator Name 7

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of Triangles
Explain the concept of
congruence of figures with the
help of certain examples.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Two line segments are congruent if
……..
(ii) Two angles are congruent if ……..
(iii) Two square are congruent if ………
(iv) Two rectangles are congruent if
………
(v) Two circles are congruent if …….

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Two line segments are congruent if
……..
(ii) Two angles are congruent if ……..
(iii) Two square are congruent if ………
(iv) Two rectangles are congruent if
………
(v) Two circles are congruent if …….
(i) They are of equal lengths
(ii) Their measures are the same or equal.
(iii) Their sides are equal or they have the same
side length
(iv) Their dimensions are same that is lengths
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles are equal and their breadths are also equal.
(v) They have same radii
 In Fig. 6, ∠POQ ≅∠ROS, can we
say that ∠POR ≅∠QOS

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 In Fig. 6, ∠POQ ≅∠ROS, can we
say that ∠POR ≅∠QOS

Given that
∠POQ ≅∠ROS
Also ∠ROQ ≅∠ROQ
Therefore adding ∠ROQ to both sides of
∠POQ ≅∠ROS,
We get, ∠POQ + ∠ROQ ≅∠ROQ + ∠ROS
Therefore, ∠POR ≅∠QOS

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 . In fig.16, AD = DC and AB = BC
(i) Is ΔABD ≅ ΔCBD?
(ii) State the three parts of matching pairs
you have used to answer

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 . In fig.16, AD = DC and AB = BC
(i) Is ΔABD ≅ ΔCBD?
(ii) State the three parts of matching pairs
you have used to answer

i) Yes ΔABD ≅ΔCBD by the SSS criterion.

SSS criterion is two triangles are congruent, if
the three sides of triangle are respectively equal
to the three sides of the other triangle.
Hence ΔABD ≅ΔCBD
(ii) We have used the three conditions in the SSS
criterion as follows:
AD = DC
AB = BC and
DB = BD

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 . In Fig. 17, AB = DC and BC = AD.
(i) Is ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA?
(ii) What congruence condition have you used?
(iii) You have used some fact, not given in the question, what is that?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 . In Fig. 17, AB = DC and BC = AD.
(i) Is ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA?
(ii) What congruence condition have you used?
(iii) You have used some fact, not given in the question, what is that?

Solution:
(i) From the figure we have AB = DC
BC = AD
And AC = CA
SSS criterion is two triangles are congruent, if
the three sides of triangle are respectively equal
to the three sides of the other triangle.
Therefore by SSS criterion ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA
(ii) We have used Side Side Side congruence
condition with one side common in both the
triangles.
(iii)Yes, we have used the fact that AC = CA.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. Triangles ABC and PQR are both isosceles with AB = AC and PQ = PR
respectively. If also, AB = PQ and BC = QR, are the two triangles congruent?
Which condition do you use?
It ∠B = 50°, what is the measure of ∠R?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. Triangles ABC and PQR are both isosceles with AB = AC and PQ = PR
respectively. If also, AB = PQ and BC = QR, are the two triangles congruent?
Which condition do you use?
It ∠B = 50°, what is the measure of ∠R?

Solution:
Given that AB = AC in isosceles ΔABC
And PQ = PR in isosceles ΔPQR.
Also given that AB = PQ and QR = BC.
Therefore, AC = PR (AB = AC, PQ = PR and AB =
PQ)
Hence, ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR
Now
∠ABC = ∠PQR (Since triangles are congruent)
However, ΔPQR is isosceles.
Therefore, ∠PRQ = ∠PQR = ∠ABC = 50o

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

ABC and DBC are both isosceles triangles on a common base BC
such that A and D lie on the same side of BC. Are triangles ADB
and ADC congruent? Which condition do you use? If ∠BAC = 40°
and ∠BDC = 100°, then find ∠ADB.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

ABC and DBC are both isosceles triangles on a common base BC
such that A and D lie on the same side of BC. Are triangles ADB
and ADC congruent? Which condition do you use? If ∠BAC = 40°
and ∠BDC = 100°, then find ∠ADB.

Given ABC and DBC are both isosceles triangles on a common base BC
∠BAD = ∠CAD (corresponding parts of congruent triangles)
∠BAD + ∠CAD = 40o/ 2
∠BAD = 40o/2 =20o
∠ABC + ∠BCA + ∠BAC = 180 o (Angle sum property)
Since ΔABC is an isosceles triangle,
∠ABC = ∠BCA
∠ABC +∠ABC + 40o = 180o
2 ∠ABC = 180o– 40o = 140o
∠ABC = 140o/2 = 70o
∠DBC + ∠ BCD + ∠ BDC = 180 o (Angle sum property)
Since ΔDBC is an isosceles triangle, ∠ DBC = ∠BCD
∠DBC + ∠DBC + 100o = 180o
2 ∠DBC = 180°– 100o = 80o
∠DBC = 80o/2 = 40o
In Δ BAD,
∠ABD + ∠BAD + ∠ADB = 180 o (Angle sum property)
30o + 20o + ∠ADB = 180o (∠ADB = ∠ABC – ∠DBC),
∠ADB = 180o– 20oa– 30o
∠ADB = 130o

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. Δ ABC and ΔABD are on a common base AB, and AC = BD and BC
= AD as shown in Fig. 18. Which of the following statements is
true?
(i) ΔABC ≅ ΔABD
(ii) ΔABC ≅ ΔADB
(iii) ΔABC ≅ ΔBAD

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. Δ ABC and ΔABD are on a common base AB, and AC = BD and BC
= AD as shown in Fig. 18. Which of the following statements is
true?
(i) ΔABC ≅ ΔABD
(ii) ΔABC ≅ ΔADB
(iii) ΔABC ≅ ΔBAD

In ΔABC and ΔBAD we have,

AC = BD (given)
BC = AD (given)
And AB = BA (corresponding parts of congruent
triangles)
Therefore by SSS criterion of congruency,
ΔABC ≅ ΔBAD
Therefore option (iii) is true.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

In Fig. 19, ΔABC is isosceles with AB = AC, D is the mid-point of base BC.
(i) Is ΔADB ≅ ΔADC?
(ii) State the three pairs of matching parts you use to arrive at your answer.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

In Fig. 19, ΔABC is isosceles with AB = AC, D is the mid-point of base BC.
(i) Is ΔADB ≅ ΔADC?
(ii) State the three pairs of matching parts you use to arrive at your answer.

i) Given that AB = AC.

Also since D is the midpoint of BC, BD = DC
Also, AD = DA
Therefore by SSS condition,
ΔADB ≅ ΔADC
(ii)We have used AB, AC; BD, DC and AD, DA

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Triangles ABC and DBC have side BC common, AB = BD and AC =
CD. Are the two triangles congruent? State in symbolic form,
which congruence do you use? Does ∠ABD equal ∠ACD? Why or
why not?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Triangles ABC and DBC have side BC common, AB = BD and AC =
CD. Are the two triangles congruent? State in symbolic form,
which congruence do you use? Does ∠ABD equal ∠ACD? Why or
why not?

Yes, the two triangles are congruent because

given that ABC and DBC have side BC common,
AB = BD and AC = CD
Also from the above data we can say
By SSS criterion of congruency, ΔABC ≅ ΔDBC
No, ∠ABD and ∠ACD are not equal because
AB not equal to AC

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

By applying SAS congruence condition, state which of the
following pairs (Fig. 28) of triangle are congruent. State
the result in symbolic form

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

By applying SAS congruence condition, state which of the
following pairs (Fig. 28) of triangle are congruent. State
the result in symbolic form

(i) From the figure we have OA = OC and OB =

OD and
∠AOB = ∠COD which are vertically opposite
angles.
Therefore by SAS condition, ΔAOB ≅ΔCOD
(ii) From the figure we have BD = DC
∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90o and AD = DA
Therefore, by SAS condition, ΔADB ≅ΔADC.
(iii) From the figure we have AB = DC
∠ABD = ∠CDB and BD = DB
Therefore, by SAS condition, ΔABD ≅ΔCBD
(iv) We have BC = QR
ABC = PQR = 90o
And AB = PQ
Therefore, by SAS condition, ΔABC≅ ΔPQR.
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
State the condition by which the
following pairs of triangles are
congruent.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

State the condition by which the
following pairs of triangles are
congruent.
Solution:
(i) AB = AD
BC = CD and AC = CA
Therefore by SSS condition, ΔABC≅ ΔADC
(ii) AC = BD
AD = BC and AB = BA
Therefore, by SSS condition, ΔABD ≅ ΔBAC
(iii) AB = AD
∠BAC = ∠DAC and AC = CA
Therefore by SAS condition, ΔBAC ≅ ΔDAC
(iv) AD = BC
∠DAC = ∠BCA and AC = CA
Therefore, by SAS condition, ΔABC ≅ ΔADC

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. In fig. 30, line segments AB and CD bisect each other at O. Which of the
following statements is true?
(i) ΔAOC ≅ ΔDOB
(ii) ΔAOC ≅ ΔBOD
(iii) ΔAOC ≅ ΔODB
State the three pairs of matching parts, you have used to arrive at the
answer.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

. In fig. 30, line segments AB and CD bisect each other at O. Which of the
following statements is true?
(i) ΔAOC ≅ ΔDOB
(ii) ΔAOC ≅ ΔBOD
(iii) ΔAOC ≅ ΔODB
State the three pairs of matching parts, you have used to arrive at the
answer.

From the figure we have,

AO = OB
And, CO = OD
Also, AOC = BOD
Therefore, by SAS condition, ΔAOC ≅ ΔBOD
Hence, (ii) statement is true.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Line-segments AB and CD bisect each other at O. AC and BD are joined forming triangles AOC
and BOD. State the three equality relations between the parts of the two triangles that are
given or otherwise known. Are the two triangles congruent? State in symbolic form, which
congruence condition do you use?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Line-segments AB and CD bisect each other at O. AC and BD are joined forming triangles AOC
and BOD. State the three equality relations between the parts of the two triangles that are
given or otherwise known. Are the two triangles congruent? State in symbolic form, which
congruence condition do you use?

We have AO = OB and CO = OD
Since AB and CD bisect each other at 0.
Also ∠AOC = ∠BOD
Since they are opposite angles on the same
vertex.
Therefore by SAS congruence condition, ΔAOC ≅
ΔBOD

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

In Fig. 31, AB = AD and ∠BAC = ∠DAC.
(i) State in symbolic form the congruence of two triangles ABC and ADC that
is true.
(ii) Complete each of the following, so as to make it true:
(a) ∠ABC =
(b) ∠ACD =
(c) Line segment AC bisects ….. And ……..

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

In Fig. 31, AB = AD and ∠BAC = ∠DAC.
(i) State in symbolic form the congruence of two triangles ABC and ADC that
is true.
(ii) Complete each of the following, so as to make it true:
(a) ∠ABC =
(b) ∠ACD =
(c) Line segment AC bisects ….. And ……..

i) AB = AD (given)
∠BAC = ∠DAC (given)
AC = CA (common)
Therefore by SAS condition of congruency, ΔABC ≅ ΔADC
ii) ∠ABC = ∠ADC (corresponding parts of congruent
triangles)
∠ACD = ∠ACB (corresponding parts of congruent
triangles)
Line segment AC bisects ∠A and ∠C.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 In fig. 32, AB || DC and AB = DC.
(i) Is ΔACD ≅ ΔCAB?
(ii) State the three pairs of matching parts used to answer
(i).
(iii) Which angle is equal to ∠CAD?
(iv) Does it follow from (iii) that AD || BC?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 In fig. 32, AB || DC and AB = DC.
(i) Is ΔACD ≅ ΔCAB?
(ii) State the three pairs of matching parts used to answer
(i).
(iii) Which angle is equal to ∠CAD?
(iv) Does it follow from (iii) that AD || BC?
(i) Yes by SAS condition of congruency, ΔACD ≅
ΔCAB.
(ii) We have used AB = DC, AC = CA and ∠DCA
= ∠BAC.
(iii) ∠CAD = ∠ACB since the two triangles are
congruent.
(iv) Yes this follows from AD parallel to BC as
alternate angles are equal. lf alternate angles
are equal then the lines are parallel

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
(i) Is ΔABD ≅ ΔACD?
(ii) State the pairs of matching parts you have used to
answer (i).
(iii) Is it true to say that BD = DC?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

on BC.
(i) Is ΔABD ≅ ΔACD?
(ii) State the pairs of matching parts you have used to
answer (i).
(iii) Is it true to say that BD = DC?
Solution:
(i) Yes, ΔABD ≅ ΔACD by RHS congruence condition.
(ii) We have used Hypotenuse AB = Hypotenuse AC
AD = DA
∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90o (AD ⊥ BC at point D)
(iii)Yes, it is true to say that BD = DC (corresponding parts of congruent triangles)
Since we have already proved that the two triangles are congruent.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

.In fig. 47, BD and CE are altitudes of Δ ABC and BD = CE.
(i) Is ΔBCD ≅ ΔCBE?
(ii) State the three pairs or matching parts you have used
to answer (i)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

.In fig. 47, BD and CE are altitudes of Δ ABC and BD = CE.
(i) Is ΔBCD ≅ ΔCBE?
(ii) State the three pairs or matching parts you have used
to answer (i)

i) Yes, ΔBCD ≅ ΔCBE by RHS congruence

condition.
(ii) We have used hypotenuse BC = hypotenuse
CB
BD = CE (Given in question)
And ∠BDC = ∠CEB = 90o

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Numbers Rule the
Pythagoras
Universe

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Topics Covered
Congruence

01 Congruence of Plane Figures

04 Congruence of Triangles

02 Congruence of Line Segments

05 Congruence Criterion

03 Congruence of Angles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Introduction

Objects which have the same shape and

size are said to be congruent.

Example: Two ₹5 coins created from the

same mould are congruent.

The relationship between two congruent

objects is known as congruence.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Plane Figures
Figure A is congruent to figure B.

written as A≅B
Superposition Method
Out of the two figures (i) & (ii),
one can be traced. A B

Place the traced copy over the

other.
Fig (i) Fig (ii)
If they match they are equal.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Plane Figures

Figure C ≅ Figure D
Congruence symbol:

Cut and Compare method

C D
Cut out of one figure and place
it on the other.

Figures are congruent if they

are equal.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Plane Figures
P and Q are not congruent to each
other. we write, P≇Q

Figures do not seem congruent P

Q
to each other.

They differ in size.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
The relationship between two
objects having the same shape and
size is called ____________.

a) congruent
b) congruential
c) congruence
d) All of the above

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
Ans: (c) congruence

The relationship between two objects having

the same shape and size is called congruence.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Let’s Recall

If two plane figures are of the same shape and

size, they are congruent.

The symbol for congruence is ≅

The symbol to represent non-congruence is ≇

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Line
Segments
If two line segments have equal length,
they are congruent.

A
• We have two line segments AB
and LM. L
• When placed one over the other
they exactly coincide with each
other. B
• Line segments AB and LM have
the same length. M
• Line segments AB and LM are
congruent.
• AB ≅ LM

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Line
Segments
Conversely,
If two line segments are congruent, then J U
they have equal lengths.

JK and UV are two line segments

and JK ≅ UV.

This means that the lengths of the

two line segments are equal.

Therefore, JK ≅ UV
K V

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Line
Segments
Line segments GH and RT do not have
equal length.
GH ≇ RT
G H
Unequal line segments are not
congruent.
R T
Line segments GH and RT have
different lengths.

Hence, they are not congruent.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
Line segments AB and PQ are
congruent. Find the length of PQ, if
AB is 16 cm.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
As AB and PQ are congruent, they have the
same length.

Length of PQ = 16cm

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Let’s Recall

Two line segments with equal length are

congruent.

Two congruent line segments have equal lengths.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Angles

If two angles have equal measures, they

are congruent. A

∠ABC = 50° and ∠PQR = 50°

B C
Both the angles have the same P
measure.

ABC and PQR are congruent.

ABC ≅ PQR
Q R

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Angles
J
Conversely,
If two angles are congruent, then they
have an equal measure.

JKL and UVT are two angles and JKL

≅ UVT.

This means that the measures of U

these two angles are equal. K L

∠JKL = ∠UVT T
V

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Angles F

Two angles FGH and RTY do not have an

equal measure.
FGH ≇ RTY

G H
If the angles do not have an equal
measure they are not congruent. R
∠FGH = 70° and ∠RTY = 55°

Hence, they are not congruent.

T Y

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
Two angles are said to be congruent if they
_______________________________.

a) are drawn on the same sheet of paper

b) have the same size and shape
c) have the same measure
d) All of the above

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
c) Two angles are said to be congruent if
they have the same measure.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Let’s Recall

If two angles have an equal measure, they are

said to be congruent.

If two angles are congruent, their measures are

equal.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Triangles
A

Two triangles having the same shape

and size are said to be congruent.

Here ⃤ have the same shape and J

size.

⃤ ABC is congruent to ⃤ JKL

B C

⃤ ABC ≅ ⃤ JKL
Denoted as

K L

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence of Triangles

When superimposed, congruent triangles

appear as one.
AJ
i.e. they cover each other entirely.

Each vertex and sides coincide with each other.

Sides of the two triangles that coincide are

called corresponding sides.
BK LC

Coinciding angles of the two triangles are

called corresponding angles.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Corresponding sides and angles of congruent
Triangles
A J

C L
B K

Corresponding Corresponding Corresponding If the

Vertices: Sides: Angles: corresponding
A J A J sides and angles
AB JK
are equal, the
B K BC KL B K triangles are said
C L AC JL C L to be congruent.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
Given ⃤ SDR ≅ ⃤ CVB, the corresponding
part of side DR in ⃤ CVB is _________.

a) CV
b) CB
c) VB
d) None of the above

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
(c) VB

Given ⃤ SDR ≅ ⃤ CVB, the corresponding part of side

Solution:

DR in ⃤ CVB is VB.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Corresponding sides and angles of congruent
Triangles
J
A
Conversely, if two triangles are congruent, then their
corresponding sides and angles are equal.

The corresponding parts of congruent triangles are

always equal.
[C.P.C.T] = Corresponding Part of Congruent Triangle B C K L
Corresponding sides are equal.
J
AB = JK [ C.P.C.T] A
BC = KL [ C.P.C.T]
AC = JL [ C.P.C.T]

Corresponding angles are equal.

A = J [ C.P.C.T]
K C
B = K [ C.P.C.T]
C = L [ C.P.C.T] B L

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Example
Given two triangles ⃤ ABC ≅ ⃤ PQR, write all the corresponding parts of
the congruent triangles.

⃤ ABC ≅ ⃤ PQR,
Solution: Given

Vertices: A = P, B = Q, C = R

Sides : AB = PQ, BC = QR, CA = RP

Angles: ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R,

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
Which of the following statement is true?

A
P 5.3 cm Q
4.2
cm
cm
3

3
cm

cm
B 4.2
5.3 cm C
R

⃤ ⃤
⃤ ⃤
a) ABC ≅ PQR

⃤ ⃤
b) ABC ≅ RPQ

⃤ ⃤
c) BAC ≅ PQR
d) ABC ≅ RQP

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
ABC ≅ RPQ
The corresponding sides must be matched and the
corresponding vertices should be mapped.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Let’s Recall

Two triangles with the same shape and size are

called congruent triangles.

If two triangles are congruent, their corresponding

sides and angles are equal.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence Criterion
To check the congruency of two triangles there is no need to always check for all
sides and all angles.

Satisfying any one of the following criteria is sufficient to prove the congruence of two
triangles.

The SSS Congruence criterion: Side - Side - Side

The SAS Congruence criterion: Side - Angle – Side

The ASA Congruence criterion: Angle – Side – Angle

The RHS Congruence criterion: Right Angle – Hypotenuse - Side

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Example of SSS Congruence
Criterion
D
In the given figure, AR = DW and AW = DR.
a) Name the triangles formed in the figure.
b) State the corresponding parts that are equal
in both the triangles.
c) Are the two triangles congruent? Justify.

a) The two triangles formed are ⃤⃤⃤ DWR and ⃤⃤⃤

W
AWR
b) The corresponding equal parts are:
DW = AR [Given] R
DR = AW [Given]

c) ⃤⃤⃤ DWR ≅ ⃤⃤⃤ AWR by the SSS Congruence

WR = WR [Common side]

criterion.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles A

The SAS Congruence Criterion
W

In a triangle, if any two sides and the angle

between them is equal to the corresponding
two sides and the included angle of the other
triangle, then the two triangles are said to be
congruent by the SAS Congruence criterion.
E R
• In the following corresponding parts are equal.
• WE = SD
• ∠WER = ∠SDF [Angle included between the S
two sides]
• ER = DF

• ⃤ WER is congruent to ⃤ SDF by the SAS D

• Or we say, ⃤ WER ≅ ⃤ SDF
Congruence criterion.

F
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
Which of the following statement is true if ⃤ PQR ≅ ⃤ XYZ by SAS congruence criterion?

P X

4.
4.

5
cm

5
cm

cm
7
5.

cm
7
5.

Q 5.5 cm R Y 5.5 cm Z

a) PQ = XY, PR = XZ, ∠R = ∠Z
b) QR = YZ, PR = XZ, ∠R = ∠Z
c) QR = YZ, PQ = XY, ∠R = ∠Z
d) QR = XY, PQ = YZ, ∠R = ∠Z

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
b) QR = YZ, PR = XZ, R = Z

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Example of SAS Congruence
Criterion
A B

a) ⃤ AOB ≅ ⃤ DOC
In the given figure, prove that

b) AB = CD

a) In ⃤ AOB and ⃤ DOC,

DO = BO [Given]
O
CO = AO [Given]

⃤ AOB ≅ ⃤ DOC by the SAS Congruence criterion

AOB = COD [VOA]

b) AB = CD
CD = AB [ C.P.C.T ]
Hence, proved.
D C

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

The ASA Congruence Criterion
W
If any two angles and the side between them in
a triangle is equal to the corresponding two angles
and the included side in another triangle, then the
two triangles are said to be congruent by the ASA
Congruence criterion.
E R
• In the following corresponding parts are equal.
• ∠RWE = ∠FSD
• WE = SD [Side included between the two angles]
S
• ∠WER = ∠SDF

• ⃤ WER is congruent to ⃤ SDF by the ASA Congruence

• Or, ⃤ WER ≅ ⃤ SDF

criterion.
D

F
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
Example of ASA Congruence
Criterion

a) ⃤ LNM ≅ ⃤ LPM
In the given figure, LM bisects NLP and Prove that
b) NM = PM c) LN = LP

a) In, ⃤ LNM ≅ ⃤ LPM L

∠NLM = ∠PLM [Given LM bisects NLP]
LM = LM [common side]

Thus, ⃤ LNM ≅ ⃤ LPM by the ASA Congruence criterion.

∠NML = ∠PML [Given LM bisects NMP]

N P
b) NM = PM by the ASA Congruence criterion.
NM = PM [C.P.C.T]

c) ⃤ LNM ≅ ⃤ LPM by the ASA Congruence criterion.

M
LN = LP [C.P.C.T]
Hence, proved

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

The RHS Congruence Criterion
W
If the hypotenuse and any one side of a right-angled
triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and the
corresponding side of another right-angled triangle, then
the two triangles are said to be congruent by the RHS
Congruence criterion.

• In right-angled triangles, the following corresponding S

parts are equal. E R
• WR = SF [Hypotenuse]
• WER = SDF [Right angle]
• ER = DF [a side]

• ◣WER is congruent to ◣SDF by the RHS Congruence

criterion.
• Or, ◣WER ≅ ◣SDF D F

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Example of RHS Congruence
Criterion

In the given figure prove that, P

a) ◣PQR ≅ ◣SRQ
b) PQ = SR

• a) In the right-angled triangles

• ∠PQR = ∠SRQ = 90° [Right Angle] R
• PR = SQ [Hypotenuse] [Given] Q
• QR = QR [common side]
• ◣WER ≅ ◣SDF by the RHS Congruence criterion.

• b) ◣PQR ≅ ◣SRQ by the RHS Congruence criterion.

• PQ = SR [C.P.C.T]
• Thus, proved. S

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Q1
Which of the following statements are true?
P
A

B C Q R
a) ⃤ ABC ≅ ⃤ PQR by the AAA Congruence criterion
b) ⃤ ABC ≅ ⃤ PQR by the ASA Congruence criterion
c) ⃤ ABC ≅ ⃤ PQR by the SAS Congruence criterion
d) None of the above

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 A1
d) None of the Above

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 There is no such condition as AAA [ Angle – Angle –
Angle] criteria to test congruence. W
All 3 angles can be equal and but sides can vary in the
two triangles.
The triangles appear different.
To prove congruence, triangles should have the exact
size and shape. E R
S
• In the given two triangles,
• WER = SDF [Angle]
• EWR = DSF [Angle ]
• WRE = SFD [Angle]

• Hence ⃤ WER is not congruent to ⃤ SDF

• But the sides differ.

• Or we can say that ⃤ WER ≇ ⃤ SDF D F

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Summary
The SSS Congruence criterion states that two triangles are congruent if the corresponding three sides of
both the triangles are equal.

The SAS Congruence criterion states that two triangles are congruent if the two sides and the included
angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two sides and the included angle of the other triangle.

The ASA Congruence criterion states that two triangles are congruent if the two angles and the included
side of one triangle is equal to the corresponding two angles and included side of the other triangle.

The RHS Congruence criterion states that two right-angled triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and
any side of one right-angled triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and the corresponding side of the other
right-angled triangle.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

THE 2-MIN TEST
Let’s Crack IT!
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Two equilateral triangles one of side 3 cm and other having side 5cm are congruent by AAA criteria
2. A triangle having 2 sides and the included angle equal to the corresponding 2 sides and included angle of
another triangle is said to be congruent by the SAS Congruence criterion.

In the given figure, PQ = PR, PS is the median of the ⃤ PQR.

Answer the following.

a) Is ⃤ PQS ≅ ⃤ PRS? Justify.

P
b) b) Is ∠Q = ∠R? Give reasons.

Q S R

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Answer
Let’s Crack IT!
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Two equilateral triangles one of side 3 cm and other having side 5cm are congruent by AAA criteria
Answer: False

2. A triangle having 2 sides and the included angle equal to the corresponding 2 sides and included angle of
another triangle is said to be congruent by the SAS Congruence criterion.
Answer: True

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Answer
Let’s Crack IT!
In the given figure, PQ = PR, PS is the median of the ⃤ PQR.
Answer the following.

a) Is ⃤ PQS ≅ ⃤ PRS? Justify.

1.

b) Is ∠Q = ∠R? Give reasons.

P
Answer:
a) PQ = PR [Given]
PS = PS [common side]
QS = RS [ Given PS is the median. Median bisect the side]

⃤ PQS ≅ ⃤ PRS by the SSS Congruence criterion.

b) ⃤ PQS ≅ ⃤ PRS by the SSS Congruence criterion.

∠Q = ∠R [C.P.C.T] Q S R

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 How many elements are there in a
triangle?

● (a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 4
(d) None of these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

How many vertices does a triangle
have?

● (a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

How many sides are t triangle?

here in a

● (a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

How many angle

s are there in a triangle?

● (a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

T RIANGLE

A simple closed curve or a

polygon formed by three line-
segments

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

TRIANGLE

SIDES ANGLES

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 TRIANGLES

CLASSIFICATIO CLASSIFICATIO
N BY N BY SIDES
ANGLES

ACUTE SCALENE

RIGHT ISOSCELES

OBTUSE EQUILATERAL

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

If two sides of a triangle are not equal, the triangle is
called

● (a) scalene
(b) isosceles
(c) equilateral
(d) right-angled

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

If two sides of a triangle are equal, the triangle is called

● (a) scalene
(b) isosceles
(c) equilateral
(d) right-angled

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

If one angle of a triangle measures 90°, the triangle is
called

● (a) acute-angled
(b) obtuse-angled
(c) right-angled
(d) none of these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Triangles

01. Congruence

02 . Congruence of
triangle

3. CPCT

4.Criterion of
Congruency

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Congruence

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 •KEEP IN MIND
• SAME SIZE
• SAME SHAPE
• OVERLAPPING/SUPERPOSE

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Congruence Of
Angles
Congruence
Of
Angles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Congruence Of Triangle

Congruence Of
Triangle

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Congruence of Triangles

Two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size.

Some Examples for congruent figures:

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Congruence of Triangles

Why Should we study them?

In real we see many identical objects around us. The basic

example would be the bricks used for construction of a
house, the pillars, . . .

To create a exact same copy of an object we need to study

congruence.

In particular, we study the congruence of a simpler structure

like a triangle to understand the congruence of other
polygons.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

We know that two triangles are congruent if the sides and angles of one triangle are equal to the
corresponding sides and angles of the other triangle.

Congruence of
Triangles

Example:

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 CPCT
(Corresponding
Parts Ofngruent
TCo es)
riangl

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

The symbol for correspondence

is
●
(a) =
(b) ↔
(c) ≡
(d)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

The symbol for congruence is

●
(a) ≡
(b)
(c) ↔
(d) =

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 If ∆ ABC = ∆ PQR, then AB¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ corresponds to

(a) PQ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
(b)
QR¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (c)
RP¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
(d) none of these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

If ∆ ABC = ∆ PQR, then CA¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ corresponds to

(a) PQ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
(b)
QR¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (c)
RP¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
(d) none of these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

If ∆ ABC= ∆ PQR, then

C corresponds to

● (a) P
(b) Q
(c) R
(d) none of these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 If, ∆ABC ∆FDE then,
• Corresponding vertices are – ∠A ↔ ∠F, ∠B ↔ ∠D and
∠C ↔ ∠E

• Corresponding angles are - ∠A ↔ ∠F, ∠B ↔ ∠D and

∠C
↔ ∠E

• Corresponding sides are – AB ↔ FD, BC ↔ DE and AC

↔ FE

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 The Criterion for Congruence of Triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 SSS Criterion (Side-Side-Side)

If Side AB = DE

Side BC = EF

Side AC = DF

Then, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 IN ∆ABC and ∆DEF,

AB = DE = 7 cm,

BC = EF = 5 cm,

AC = DF = 9 cm

Hence with the SSS criterion of congruence, the two triangles

are congruent.

∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 SAS Criterion (Side- Angle-Side)

If Side AB =
DE Angle B
= E Side BC
= EF
Then, ∆ABC
∆DEF

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 ASA criterion
(Angle-Side-Angle))

If Angle B =
B' Side BC =
EF Angle C =
C'
Then, ∆ABC
∆A'B'C'

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 RHS Criterion
(Right angle-Hypotenuse –Side)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

RHS Criterion
(Right angle-Hypotenuse –Side)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

We want to show that ∆ ART = ∆ PEN and we have to use SSS
criterion. We have AR = PE and RT = EN. What more we need to
show?

● (a) AT = PN
● (b) AT = PE
● (c) AT = EN
● (d) none of
these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

We want to show that ∆ ART = ∆ PEN. We

have to use SAS criterion. We

have T
=
N, RT = EN. What more we
(a) PN = AT
need
(b) PN = ARto show?
(c) PN = RT
(d) None of these

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Which congruence criterion do you use in the
following?

Given AC = DF
AB = DE
BC = EF
So, ∆ ABC ≅ ∆
DEF

(a) SSS
(b) SAS
(c) ASA
(d) RHS

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

Which congruence criterion do you use in the following?

Given : ZX = RP
RQ = ZY
∠ PRQ = ∠ XZY
So, ∆ PRQ = ∆ XYZ

(a) SSS
(b) SAS
(c) ASA
(d) RHS

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 In ∆ABC, ∠A = 30°, ∠B = 40° and ∠C = 110°
In ∆PQR, ∠P = 30°, ∠Q = 40° and ∠R = 110°.
A student says that ∆ABC = ∆PQR by AAA congruence criterion. Is he justified? Why or why not?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 The student is not justified because there is not
criterion for AAA congruence rule.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 In ∆ABC and ∆PQR, we have ∠A = 30°, ∠B = 40°, ∠C = 110°
∠P = 30°, ∠Q = 40°, ∠R = 110°
But ∆ABC is not congruent to ∆PQR.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 In the figure, the two triangles are
congruent. The corresponding parts
are marked. We can write ∆RAT ≅ ?

Solution:
In ∆RAT and ∆WON
AT¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=ON¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (Given)
AR¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=OW¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (Give
n)
∠A = ∠O (Given)
∴ ∆RAT ≅ ∆WON (By SAS
rule)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Complete the congruence statement:

Solution:
Refer to Fig. (i)
In ∆BCA and ∆BTA
∠C = ∠T (Given)
BC¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=BT¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (Given
)
∠BA = ∠TBA (Given)
∴ ∆BCA = ∆BTA (by ADA
rule)
Refer to Fig. (ii)
In ∆QRS and ∆TPQ
RS¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=PQ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (Given
)
QS¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=TQ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (Give
n)
∠RSQ = ∠PQT (Given)
∴ ∆QRS = ∆TPQ (by SAS
rule)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 If ∆ABC and ∆PQR are to be congruent, name one additional pair of
corresponding parts. What criterion did you use?

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Explain, why ∆ABC = ∆FED

In ∆ABC and ∆FED

∠B = ∠E = 90° (Given)
∠A = ∠F (Given)
∴ ∠A + ∠B = ∠E + ∠F
180° – ∠C = 180° – ∠D
[Angle sum property of triangles]
∴ ∠C =∠D
BC = ED (Given)
∴ ∆ABC = ∆FED (By ASA rule)

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

In the adjoining figure, AB = AC and BD = DC. Prove that
∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC and hence show that
(i) ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°
(ii) ∠BAD = ∠CAD

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

In the adjoining figure, ABC is a triangle in which AD is the
bisector of ∠A. If AD ⊥ BC, show that ∆ABC is isosceles.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 C
B
S
E

M
A
T
H
S

Thank you!
C
L
A
S
S

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of Triangles
 Triangles
01. Congruence of
Triangles

02. Some Properties of a

Triangle

03. Some More Criteria

for Congruence of
Triangles

04. Inequalities in a
Triangle
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Triangles
01. Congruence of
Triangles

02. Some Properties of a

Triangle

03. Some More Criteria

for Congruence of
Triangles

04. Inequalities in a
Triangle
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Triangles

We know that a triangle is a closed

figure formed by three intersecting
lines. (‘Tri’ means ‘three’).
A triangle has three sides, three angles
and three vertices.

In our earlier classes we have studied

about Triangles and its properties. Here
we shall study in details about the
congruence of Triangles and its rules.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Congruence of Triangles

Two figures or objects are congruent if

they have the same shape and size.

Some Examples for congruent figures:

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Congruence of Triangles

Why Should we study them?

In real we see many identical objects

around us. The basic example would be
the bricks used for construction of a
house, the pillars, . . .

To create a exact same copy of an

object we need to study congruence.

In particular, we study the congruence

of a simpler structure like a triangle to
understand the congruence of other
polygons.
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Congruence of Triangles

We know that two triangles are

congruent if the sides and angles of one
triangle are equal to the corresponding
sides and angles of the other triangle.

Example:

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Congruence of Triangles

Notice that here sides of Δ ABC fall on

corresponding equal sides of Δ DEF and so
is the case for the angles.
And we cannot write DEF in other orders
like EDF, FED, DFE, FDE and EFD.

That is in congruent triangles the

corresponding parts are equal and we
write in short ‘CPCT’ for
corresponding parts of congruent
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles triangles.
 Criteria for Congruence
of Triangles

When all the sides and all the angles are not
given for the two triangles, how to know if
they are congruent?

Let us learn the criteria/ rules to find the

congruence of triangles.

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

 Criteria for Congruence
of Triangles

SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Axiom

Two triangles are congruent if two
sides and the included angle of one
triangle are equal to the two sides and
the included angle of the other
triangle.

Note that equal angles are included

between the pairs of equal sides, so it
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles is SAS and not ASS or SSA.
 Criteria for Congruence
of Triangles

ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Axiom

Two triangles are congruent if two
angles and the included side of one
triangle are equal to two angles and the
included side of other triangle.

Note that two triangles are congruent

if any two pairs of angles and one pair
of corresponding sides are equals. So,
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles we may call it as AAS.
CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Solution

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Solution

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Solution

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles
 Solution

CBSE Maths Class 7 I Congruence of triangles