Teams Class Code

dz37zp7
Computer Systems
Learning Objectives
What are we learning?
• To show understanding of the difference between input and output devices
with suitable examples.
• To understand the difference between internal and external devices with
suitable examples.
• To describe the different types of storage: Magnetic, Optical and Solid State.
• To understand the role and purpose of the CPU and the relationship with
RAM (Fetch-Execute Cycle).
• To show an understanding of an embedded system including suitable
examples.
Computer Within this unit of work, you will learn

Components about the following computer components:

Peripheral Devices The Computer Computer types

Motherboard Microprocessors
Input devices e.g.
• Desktop
computer
Output devices CPU ROM
(Central Processing (Read-Only
• Laptop
Unit) Memory) • Tablet
Secondary • Mobile phone
storage devices
RAM (Random Access Memory) Embedded systems
Magnetic e.g.
storage • Washing machine
Hard drive • Television
Optical
storage • Dishwasher
Data & CD/DVD-RW • Vacuum cleaner
Solid state Software • Alarm clock
Information drive
storage
Part 1: Peripheral Devices (external)

Objectives
• To show understanding of the difference between input and output devices with suitable examples.
• To understand the difference between internal and external devices with suitable examples.
• To describe the different types of storage: Magnetic / Optical / Solid State
Peripheral Devices
• A peripheral device is designed as a computer
component that is not part of the essential
computer.
• Peripheral devices are external devices and are
attached to the outside of a computer.
• These devices are connected to the computer
and can be broadly divided into three categories:
• Input devices
• Output devices
• Secondary storage devices
Input and Output devices

Input Device Output Device

An input device is any An output device is a
hardware device that piece of hardware that is
sends data to a computer. used to display or output
Example: Keyboard data which has been
processed or has been
stored on the computer.
Example: Monitor
Task: Input or Output Device?
Place the devices below into the correct categories: Input or Output.

Output Input
 Secondary Storage Devices
A secondary storage device is a type of hardware that stores data externally from the computer’s main memory.
They are most commonly used to back data up or to transfer information from one computer to another.
Secondary storage devices can be split into three categories:

Magnetic Storage Optical Storage Solid State Storage

Magnetic storage devices store data Data is stored on a disk using tiny Solid State Drives store data using
using magnets. They have a large dents. It is read using a laser which flash memory. Special transistors are
storage capacity and are relatively scans over the disk. They are easy to used to store data electronically.
cheap. However, they can be noisy store and transport, are easy to use They are free from moving parts and
and easily damaged if dropped due and are long lasting. However they as such run silently. However, they
to moving parts. are easily scratched and damaged by are the most expensive type of
Example: External Hard Drive the heat. secondary storage.
Example: CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray Example: USB stick, SD Card
 Task: Advantages Disadvantages of
Secondary Storage Devices
Place the advantages and disadvantages into the correct locations below:
Magnetic Storage Optical Storage Solid State Storage Devices

Advantages

Disadvantages
 Part 2: Internal Components

Objectives
• To understand the difference between internal and external devices with suitable examples.
• To understand the role and purpose of the CPU and the relationship with RAM (Fetch-
Decode-Execute Cycle).
Internal Components
• In order for a computer to
function, several essential
components are required.
• These components are located
within the computer itself and are
referred to as Internal
Components.
• The key components have been
highlighted in the graphic opposite.
 In order for a computer to work, some
Internal Components essential components are required:
ROM (Read Only Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory)

Motherboard

CD / DVD-RW Drive

CPU (Central Processing Unit) Notice the big fan? Because the CPU generates so much heat Hard Disk Drive
when it’s on, a fan is placed on top to extract all the heat!
 Task: Internal Can you match the statements and

Components images below to the correct component?

Component Motherboard CPU RAM ROM Hard Drive CD/DVD Drive

Description

Image
 Fetch-Execute Cycle
• To run a program (e.g. Word or PowerPoint), the CPU Fetches an
instruction from memory, Decodes it into binary then Executes it.
• This is repeated in a continuous cycle and is known as the Fetch-
Execute Cycle.
• The CPU executes one instruction at a time but is capable of
performing billions of instructions every second.
Event Location
Fetch an instruction from main memory. RAM
Decode the instruction from coding language to binary. CPU
Execute the instruction. CPU
Fetch-Execute Cycle in Action
The process:
1. User inputs an
instruction.
2. Instruction is
sent to RAM.
3. The instruction
is fetched from
RAM and taken
to the CPU.
4. The instruction
is decoded in
the CPU.
5. The CPU
executes the
instruction.
 Task: Create a Fetch-Execute Cycle Diagram
Task: Using the information on the previous slides, complete the Fetch-Execute Cycle diagram below
by adding the relevant information for each phase.
Extension: Change the colours for each phase of the cycle.
 Part 3: Computer Types

Objectives
• To understand the capabilities of different types of Microcomputers.
• To show an understanding of an embedded system including suitable examples.
Computer Types
Commonly used computers can be split into two main types:
Microprocessors: Are capable of performing a broad range
of tasks. They use a CPU to complete all required
instructions.
Examples: Desktop Computer, Laptop, Smart Phone, Tablet
Device.
Embedded Systems: A computer system that is designed for
a specific function. It is embedded as part of a hardware
device and is linked to working mechanical parts.
Examples: Washing Machine, Microwave, Television,
Dishwasher, Vacuum Cleaner.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Embedded Systems
Complete the table below to identify the benefits and drawbacks of using embedded devices.

Benefits Drawbacks
Task: Spot the Embedded Devices!
The kitchen below is full of embedded devices! Can you find
all 15? Using Auto shapes, label all the devices you can find!
Task: Embedded For each device found, briefly explain how

Devices
Device
an embedded device helps it to function.

How an embedded system helps it function

Embedded Systems
Many devices in our home contain an embedded system. Complete the questions below using your
understanding from the previous tasks. Answer in full sentences.
Question Answer

1. Using an example,
explain what an
embedded system is.

2. What are the benefits

of using an embedded
system in comparison to
the use of a
microcomputer?

3. Explain a drawback of
using an embedded
system.
 Learning Review: Computer Systems
Keywords and terms Answer
Input | Output | Peripherals | Magnetic Storage | Solid What is a Peripheral device? (tick)
State Storage | Optical Storage | Central Processing Unit An internal device that is an essential part of the computer.
(CPU) | Random Access Memory (RAM) | Embedded An external device that is not part of the essential computer.
System Any internal component of the computer.
Which of the following is an Which of the following is an
example of an INPUT device: example of an OUTPUT device: 1 mark
Device Answer (tick) Device Answer (tick) Choose the correct term for each of the definitions below:
Keyboard Printer Central Processing Unit (CPU) | Random Access Memory (RAM) |
Mouse Embedded System
Monitor
Printer Microphone A computer system that is designed for a specific function often
linked to working mechanical parts.
1 mark 1 mark Answer: ___________________________________________
Complete the paragraph below:
This component is known as the brains of the computer, this is
_______________ ______________ devices have a large storage where all user commands are sent and where instructions and
capacity and are relatively cheap. CDs, DVDs and Blu-Ray Disks are calculations are executed.
all examples of ______________ ____________ devices. Although Answer: ___________________________________________
they are more robust due to having no moving parts, Stores frequently used program instructions for a temporary period
____________ ____________ _____________ devices are the of time.
most expensive type of storage available. Answer: ___________________________________________

Score (max 9): 3 marks 3 marks

Review of Learning
Within this unit of work you have learned:
• To show understanding of the difference between input and output devices
with suitable examples.
• To understand the difference between internal and external devices with
suitable examples.
• To describe the different types of storage: Magnetic, Optical and Solid State.
• To understand the role and purpose of the CPU and the relationship with
RAM (Fetch-Execute Cycle).
• To show an understanding of an embedded system including suitable
examples.