Scribd
Upload
12 views

Krishna Dhawal

Uploaded by

Dipak Kanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Krishna Dhawal

Uploaded by

Dipak Kanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Pharmacognosy

Assignment
Presented by:-
Krishna Dhawal
Fourth Semester
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences
Zingiber Officinale
Contents
• Introduction
• Bioactive Constituents
• Chemical Structure
• Therapeutic and Commercial uses
• References
Introduction
• Official name: Zingiber officinale
• English name: Ginger
• Vernacular name: Shunthi- सूंठो(Nepali name), Adrak(Urdu)
• Ginger is obtained from the underground stems or rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, a
herbaceous tropical perennial belonging to the family Zingiberaceae.
• Originated in South-East Asia, probably in India
Organoleptic features:
• Color: Buff
• Odour: aromatic
• Taste: Pungent
• Shape: laterally compressed bearing short flat, ovate and oblique branch on the upper
side with bud at apex
Bioactive Constituents
• The ginger rhizome contains volatile oil, fixed fatty oil, pungent compounds, resins,
proteins, cellulose, pentosans, starch and mineral elements.
• Dry ginger on average contains moisture (10.85%), volatile oil (1.8%), oleoresin (6.5
%), water extract (19.6 %), starch (53 %), crude fiber (7.17 %), crude protein (12.4 %).
• Gingerols(phenolic compounds) are the major constituents of fresh ginger whereas
Shogaols (major gingerol dehydration product) is abundant in dry ginger.
• Ginger owes its characteristic aroma to about 3% of a volatile oil, the principal
constituents of which are : Bisabolene, Zingiberene, and Zingiberol.
• Gingerin is responsible for pungency of ginger.
• Ginger oleoresin is prepared conventionally by extraction of dried ginger powder with
organic solvents like ethylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, ethanol or acetone, followed by
complete removal of the solvent.
Chemical Structure
Therapeutic and Commercial Uses
Therapeutic Uses:
• Improving symptoms and biomarkers of pain, metabolic chronic disease, and
gastrointestinal conditions.
• Bioactive ginger compounds reduce inflammation (suppresses prostaglandin synthesis
through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2)
• Promotes vasodilation, which lowers blood pressure
• Obstructs cholesterol production, which regulates blood lipid profile
• Translocate glucose transporter type 4 molecules to plasma membranes to assist in
glycemic control
• Stimulates fatty acid breakdown to aid weight management
• Inhibits serotonin, muscarinic, and histaminergic receptor activation to reduce nausea
and vomiting.
Commercial uses
• Used widely for culinary purposes due to refreshing pleasant aroma
• Used in the production of alcoholic beverages like ginger beer, ginger ale, and
ginger wine
References
1. Kizhakkayil, J., & Sasikumar, B. (2011). Diversity, characterization and utilization of ginger: A review. Plant Genetic Resources, 9(3), 464-477.
2. Vasala PA. Ginger. InHandbook of herbs and spices 2012 Jan 1 (pp. 319-335). Woodhead Publishing.
3. Kolani L, Nadio NA, Bokobana EM, Koba K, Raynaud C, Sanda K. Physico-Chemical Attributes of Essential Oil from Zingiber officinale
Roscoe and Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith Cultivars Grown in Togo. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2022 Nov 18;13(11):1360-72.
4. Megan Crichton, Skye Marshall, Wolfgang Marx, Elizabeth Isenring, Anna Lohning, Therapeutic health effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale):
updated narrative review exploring the mechanisms of action, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 81, Issue 9, September 2023, Pages 1213–1224
5. Li B, Wang Y, Yuan X, Liu G, Diao Y, Liu J. 6‐Shogaol from Dried Ginger Protects Against Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Inhibiting Cell
Apoptosis via the BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2023 Apr 28:2200773.
6. Kawase Y, Sunagawa Y, Shimizu K, Funamoto M, Hamabe-Horiike T, Katanasaka Y, Shimizu S, Hawke P, Mori K, Komiyama M, Hasegawa K.
6-Shogaol, an Active Component of Ginger, Inhibits p300 Histone Acetyltransferase Activity and Attenuates the Development of Pressure-
Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Nutrients. 2023 May 8;15(9):2232.
7. Roudsari NM, Lashgari NA, Momtaz S, Roufogalis B, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Ginger: A complementary approach for management of
cardiovascular diseases. Biofactors. 2021 Nov;47(6):933-51.
8. Romero, A., Forero, M., Sequeda-Castañeda, L. G., Grismaldo, A., Iglesias, J., Celis-Zambrano, C. A., … Morales, L. (2018). Effect of ginger
extract on membrane potential changes and AKT activation on a peroxide-induced oxidative stress cell model. Journal of King Saud University -
Science, 30(2), 263–269. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2017.09.015
9. Sanaati F, Najafi S, Kashaninia Z, Sadeghi M. Effect of ginger and chamomile on nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy in Iranian
women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016 Aug 1;17(8):4125-9.
10. Azian MN, Kamal AM, Azlina MN. Changes of cell structure in ginger during processing. Journal of Food Engineering. 2004 May 1;62(4):359-
64.
11. An analysis of the ginger value chain in palpa, NepalRaj Chaudhary1*, Hom Nath Giri2, Nama Raj Bhusal1, Shimran Dahal3, Pratima
Timalsina3 and Niraj Bhandari

You might also like