Group 1

Sea Transport
SEA TRANSPORT ECONOMICS
Table of contents
01.Mean of transport
04.Pros and Cons
02.Cargo type
05.Impact of shipping
activities
03.The routes

06.Other concerning
issue
01
Mean of
transport
• Cargoes (goods) and
people are moved from
one country to another
on the seas and
oceans.
• Sea transport is very
important in
international trade.
• Based on each type of
cargo, sea transport will
be divided into two
types:
o General cargo ships
o Bulk cargo ships

01. Mean of transport

General
Cargo:

Break bulk Roro Containeriz

ship/Neo ed
bulk
01. Mean of transport
Bulk Cargo:

Liquid bulk Dry bulk

01. Mean of transport

02
Cargo Type
 Break Bulk Cargo: Break bulk refers to a
group of goods transported in bags, barrels,
drums, pallets, boxes or crates.

Packed
(General Neo Bulk Cargo: group of goods where each item
Cargo) before being packed and assembled is
understood and considered as a unit of cargo

Unitized Cargo: A single item or a number

Unpacked of items packaged, or arranged in a defined
manner and capable of being handled as a
(Bulk Cargo) shipping unit. Unitized cargo is also known
as unit load.

02. Cargo Type

 Certain types of product
packaging

02. Cargo Type

 Unpacked
(Bulk Liquid bulk cargo: with items such as
Cargo) gasoline, chemicals, water, crude oil, etc.
are transported by tanker, ship, train,
ensuring safety.

Dry Bulk: refers to a variety of materials

such as coal, iron ore, grain, bauxite ore and
sand.
02. Cargo Type
02. Cargo Type
03
The routes
 Top Busiest
Shipping The English Channel
Routes in
World Used The Suez Canal The Strait
of Hormuz
for Global
The Panama Canal
Trade
• A crucial role in Malacca Strait
facilitating global trade
• Connecting nations
• Enabling the
transportation of cargo
across continents

03. The Routes

 The Panama Canal

 A human-created canal that

joins Asia with the eastern
seaboard of the United States.
 Each year, around 14,000
vessels make use of a direct
route as they journey between
the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans.

03. The Routes

 The Suez Canal

 An important sea route with about

19,000 vessels passing through it
every day.
 The shortest trade route for
European and Asian countries
crosses the Red Sea.
 Account for 12% of global trade
and comprise 30% of the shipping
containers carrying goods
worldwide.

03. The Routes

 The Suez Canal

Red Sea tensions forcing longer shipping

routes, affecting supply chain
03. The Routes
 The English Channel or Dover
Strait
 This is one of the busiest sea
routes globally
 This is an important trade
route that connects European
countries and the UK. It
connects the North Sea to the
Atlantic Ocean.

03. The Routes

 The Strait of Malacca

 The shortest trade route between

the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
 The Strait connects major Asian
economies: Japan, Malaysia,
Singapore, Indonesia, India, and
China.

03. The Routes

 The Strait of Hormuz

 The shipping lane connects the

Gulf of Oman with the Persian
Gulf to transport oil more
quickly.
 The Strait is very important for
Asian countries like South
Korea, Singapore, India, China,
and Japan to grow their
economies.

03. The Routes

04
Pros and Cons
 Advantages Risks and cons

Limited functionality
Various transported goods
capability

Shipping in large volumes and

Slow in speed
sizes

Difficult to monitor exact

Ensure safety
location of cargo

Unrestricted movement High weather susceptible

Sea freight cannot reach door-

to-door

04. Pros and Cons

 The roro ship carrying thousands of
luxury cars to the US sinking in the
Atlantic Ocean

04. Pros and Cons

05
Impact of shipping
activities on the
natural
environment
05. Impact of shipping
Air
pollution

Vessels, vehicles, and machinery still

use fossil fuels for the most part.
These produce greenhouse gasses
such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon
monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx)
and sulfur oxides (SOx), as well as
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and particulate matter (PM).

05. Impact of shipping

 Noise
pollution

05. Impact of shipping

 Ocean marine pollution Sources
pollution

Air pollution
Run off &
Point-source
Emissions
33%
44%

Run off & Point-source Emissions

Marine Oil & Gas production
12% Dumping
Ships 10% Ships
Marine Oil & Gas Air pollution
Dumping
production

05. Impact of shipping

 Ocean
pollution
Garbage discharged from
SHIPS tourists and crew members on
ships

12%
Ships emit waste, wastewater,
exhaust gas, black water, ballast
water

Oil and gas leaks during voyages

and port loading operations

05. Impact of shipping

 Ocean
pollution

SHIPS
Chemical waste: ship paint,
metal,…

12%

Oil spills from ships

05. Impact of shipping

06
Current trend in
service providing
Decarbonizing Shipping
a.
Concept
Decarbonization is the process of
reducing or eliminating the use of fossil
fuels and switching to cleaner forms of
energy.
b. Target
The goal is to reduce greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions.

c. Purpose
Marine decarbonization plays an
important role to reduce emissions
and address the impact of global
warming.

06. Current trend: Decarbonizing

d. Harmful effects
• Causes Climate Change, it also has a
negative impact on maritime
transport.
• Maritime decarbonization can
significantly reduce the industry's
carbon footprint for a sustainable
future
e.
Solution
New ships can reduce emissions
through technical improvements,
such as waste heat recovery and
streamlined operations.

06. Current trend: Decarbonizing

07
Other concerning
issue
Green Logistics
 Brief introduction about
green logistics
The term ‘Green Maritime’ or
‘Green Logistics’(sustainable
logistics) encompasses a variety
of methodologies used to lessen
the environmental impact
caused by the maritime industry.
It entails using green
technologies, implementing
sustainable practices, and
adhering to stringent legal
requirements..

07. Other concerning issue:

Shipping produces CO2 and other
harmful emissions resulting from
oil waste, wastewater,
chlorofluorocarbons, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.
Shipping is responsible for
approximately three percent of all
man-made CO2 emissions, 15
percent of nitrogen oxides, and
13 percent of sulfur dioxide
across the globe.

07. Other concerning issue:

 Importance of Green
Logistics

Abating of Climate Conservation of Cost-efficiency

Change environment

07. Other concerning issue:

 A number of initiatives and
innovations in the field of shipping

1.Alternate 3.Development in
Fuels Port
infrastructure
2 Energy- 4. Regulatory
efficient Compliance
. designs
07. Other concerning issue:
Shipping Companies Embracing
Green Maritime
Companies Ships/Shipping Concepts Features

Wallenius Orcelle Three propelling systems, electrical

systems, wind and wave power and fuel
panels incorporating hydrogen

NYK Super Eco Ship Concept Use of LNG cells and solar energy to
traverse on the water.

GL Shipping Company ZERO Liquid hydrogen & hydrogen-powered fuel

panels would be used extensively to
power the ship.

B9 Cargo B9 Cargo ships Operated fuel and energy derived from

winds

Mitsubishi Emerald Ace Incorporation of solar fuel panels along

with lithium-ionised batteries

07. Other concerning issue:

Thank you for
watching and
listening!
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 Members of the group
Huỳnh Võ Uyên Nhi
Lê Thị Phương Thùy
Đỗ Đăng Khoa
Nguyễn Thảo Linh
Ngô Hải Yến
Trần Thị Tường Vy
Lê Duy
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Khang
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