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4.1 Guided Notes

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44 views

4.1 Guided Notes

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Phan Thị Diễm Quỳnh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MTH 113

4.1 Greek Alphabet


Angles (1 of 4)
An angle is formed by two rays that have a common
endpoint. One ray is called the initial side and the other
the terminal side.
Angles (2 of 4)
An angle is in standard position if its vertex is at the
origin of a rectangular coordinate system and its initial
side lies along the positive x-axis.
Angles (3 of 4)
When we see an initial side and a terminal side in place,
there are two kinds of rotations that could have
generated the angle.
Positive angles are generated by counterclockwise
rotation. Thus, angle α is positive.
Negative angles are generated by clockwise rotation.
Thus, angle θ is negative.
Angles (4 of 4)
An angle is called a quadrantal angle if its terminal
side lies on the x-axis OR on the y-axis.

Angle is an example of a quadrantal angle.


Measuring Angles Using Degrees
Angles are measured by determining the amount of
rotation from the initial side to the terminal side. A
complete rotation of the circle is 360 degrees, or 360°.
An acute angle measures less than 90°.
A right angle measures 90°.
An obtuse angle measures more than 90° but less
than 180°.
A straight angle measures 180°.
Measuring Angles Using Radians
An angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle is
called a central angle.
Central angle
𝛽

The radian measure of any central angle of a circle is


the length of the intercepted arc divided by the circle’s
radius.

length of the intercepted arc



radius
Definition of a Radian
1 radian is the measure of the central angle of a circle
that intercepts an arc equal in length to the radius of the
circle.

radius length of the intercepted arc

length of the intercepted arc


𝑟
𝛽= ¿ =1
or radian
radius 𝑟
Definition of a Radian (1 of 2)

(a) (b)
Definition of a Radian (2 of 2)

(a) (b)
Radian Measure
Consider an arc of length s on a circle of radius r.

The measure of the central


angle, θ that intercepts the arc is
Example 1: Computing Radian Measure
A central angle, θ, in a circle of radius 12 feet intercepts
an arc of length 42 feet.
What is the radian measure of θ?

Solution: 𝑠
𝜃=
𝑟

The radian measure of θ is _________ radians.


Conversion Between Degrees and
Radians
Using the basic relationship

1. To convert degrees to radians, multiply degrees by

2. To convert radians to degrees, multiply radians by


Example 2: Converting from Degrees to
Radians
Convert each angle in degrees to radians:
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
a. 60 °¿ 60 ° ∙ 180 °

𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
b. 270¿°270 ° ∙ 180 °

𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
c. −300 ¿° − 300 ° ∙ 180°
Example 3: Converting from Radians to
Degrees
Convert each angle in radians to degrees:
𝜋 𝜋 180°
a. 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
¿ 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠∙
4 4 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

4𝜋
b. − 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠¿ − 4 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠∙ 180 °
3 3 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

180 °
c. 6𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠¿ 6 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
Positive Angles in Terms of Revolutions of the
Angle’s Terminal Side Around the Origin (1 of 2)
Positive Angles in Terms of Revolutions of the
Angle’s Terminal Side Around the Origin (2 of 2)
Drawing Angles in Standard Position
The figure below illustrates that when the terminal side
makes one full revolution, it forms an angle whose
radian measure is The figure shows the quadrantal
angles formed by 1 revolution in addition to of a
revolution.
Examples 4-7: Drawing Angles in Standard Position
Draw and label the angle in standard position:

4. 5.

6. 7.
Degree and Radian Measures of Angles
Commonly Seen in Trigonometry
In the figure below, each angle is in standard position,
so that the initial side lies along the positive x-axis.
Coterminal Angles
Two angles with the same initial and terminal sides but
possibly different rotations are called coterminal angles.

Increasing or decreasing the degree measure of an angle in


standard position by an integer multiple of 360° results in a
coterminal angle. Thus, an angle of is coterminal with
angles of where is an integer

Increasing or decreasing the radian measure of an


angle by an integer multiple of results in a coterminal
angle. Thus, an angle of radians is coterminal with
angles where is an integer.
Example 8: Finding Coterminal Angles
Assume the following angles are in standard position. Find a
positive angle less than that is coterminal with each of the
following:
a. angle

A ___ angle are coterminal.

b. angle

A angle are coterminal.


Example 9: Finding Coterminal Angles
Assume the following angles are in standard position. Find a
positive angle less than that is coterminal with each of the
following:
a. angle
13 𝜋
−2𝜋
5
A angle are coterminal.

b. angle
𝜋
− +2𝜋
15
A angle are coterminal.
The Length of a Circular Arc (arc length)

Let r be the radius of a circle


and θ the nonnegative
radian measure of a central
angle of the circle.

The length of the arc


intercepted by the central
angle is
Example 10: Finding the Length of a
Circular Arc (arc length)
A circle has a radius of 6 inches. Find the length of the
arc intercepted by a central angle of 45°. Express arc
length in terms of Then round your answer to two
decimal places.
Solution: We first convert 45° to radians:
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
45 °=45 ° ∙
180 °

Next, use the radian measurement in the arc length formula:

𝒔=𝒓 𝜽 𝑠=(¿ ¿ 𝑖𝑛𝑐h𝑒𝑠)¿ 𝑠=¿ 𝑖𝑛𝑐


≈ h𝑒𝑠 ¿
Use
Be sure to convert in radians
if necessary.

Answers:
93.
94.
95.

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