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Number Systems: Binary

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Kudakwashe Mbisva
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11 views

Number Systems: Binary

Uploaded by

Kudakwashe Mbisva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMBER SYSTEMS

Binary

1
Binary
 Binary numbers have proved to
be a natural system to use in
Digital electronics and Switching.
 There are only two symbols i.e..
0 and 1.
 The place values are powers of 2
 The base is 2

2
Binary System
Example 1.1
Binary number:

Binary 1 1 0 1 . 1 0 1
Number

Place value 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^ . 2^- 2^- 2^-3


0 1 2

Or 8 4 2 1 . ½ ¼ 1/8

3
Binary System
So 1 1 0 1 . 1 0 1
that
= 1x8 1x4 0x 1x1 . 1x1/2 0x1/4 1x1/
2 8
= +8 +4 +0 +1 . +1/2 +0 +1/
8
= 13,5 = 13.62 In denary
/8 5

Therefore 1101.1012 = 13.62510

4
Octal System [base8]
Thissystem uses the following
symbols 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
The place values are powers of 8.

3 5 7 . 3 2 1
8^2 8^1 8^0 . 8^-1 8^-2 8^-3
64 8 1 . 1/8 1/64 1/512

So that 3x64 + 5x8+ 7x1. 3x1/8+


2x1/64+ 1x1/512 = 239.4082 10
Therefore 357.3218 =
239.408210 5
Hexadecimal System

[base 16]
The importance of this system is
in computer applications, as you
will see in other studies.
The symbols of hexadecimal are:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
The place values are powers of
16. 2 A 7 . 3 E 2
16^2 16^1 16^0 . 16^- 16^- 16^-
Example 1.3: 1 2 3
256 16 1 . 1/16 1/25 1/40
6 96
Therefore 2 A7.3E2 16 = 679.247 10
6
Converting Numbers from one base
to base 10
The method we have been using
until now is called converting
from first principles.
We now consider other methods
Example: Express the octal
357.1218 in denary form.
3 5 7
3x8 = 24 5+24 = 29 x 7+232=239 Therefore
8 = 232 3578=23910
For 0.121
1x8=8 8+2 =10x8 = 80+1 = 81
80
0.121 = = 0.1582 10
81x8^-3 IEng. E. Mabunda 7
Converting Numbers from one base
to base 10
Express a binary number in denary
i.e. 11011.10112

1 1 0 1 1 . 1 0 1 1
1x2=2 2+ 6+0 12+1 26+1= . 1x2= 2+0 4+1 10+
1= x2 13 27 2 =22x =5 1=
3x2 =12 x2=2 2=4 5x2= 11
=6 6 10
11x2^ = 0.68
-4 75 10

Collecting partial results we have 11011.1011=


27.687510
8
Converting Numbers from one
base to base 10
Express
4C5.2B816 in denary form.
Remembering that C=12 and B = 11

4 C 5 . 2 B 8
The place value for 696 is
16^-3, therefore we have
696/4096 = 0.16992 10
 4C5.2B816 = 1221.1699210

9
Converting Numbers from one
base to base 10

Collecting results we have :

4C5.2B8 16 = 1226.16992 10

10
Expressing base ten to other
bases
Express a denary number 245 in binary form:
2 245
2 122 1
2 61 0
2 30 1
2 15 0
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 We can then
write: 24510 =
111101012 11
Expressing base ten to other
bases
Express 52410 in octal form:
8 524
8 65 4
8 8 1
8 1 0
0 1

Therefore 52410 = 10148

12
Convert from denary to
hexadecimal
Convert the denary number 348.654 to
hexadecimal form:
We use octal as an intermediate step.
[a] First we change 348.654 into octal
i.e. 534.517.
[b] We write the binary equivalent of
each digit in groups of three binary
digits as:
101 011 100 . 101 001 111
Therefore 534.5178 =
101011100.101001111
13
Convert from denary to
hexadecimal
[c] Starting from the decimal point working
in each direction, re-group the same binary
digits in groups of four i.e.
0001 0101 1100 . 1010
0111 1000
[d] Now, we write the hexadecimal
equivalent of each group of four binary
digits so that we have: 1 5 12 10 7
8
Such that 348.65410 =
10101100.1010011112
= 15C.A7816
14
Complements
One’s complement:
Example:
[a] 1710 = 000100012
 = 111011102 = -1710
[b] 11910 = 011101112
= 100010002 =-11910
[c] 010 = 000000002 [positive
zero]
 = 111111112
= 010 [negative zero]
15
Complements
Two’s Complement:
1710 = 000100012 = 11101110 +1
• = 111011112 = -1710
• = 000000002 =
11111111 +1
• = 100000002 = 010
• Notice that if a carry out of the MSB
position occurs this bit is ignored
only the low-order n bits of the result
are used.

16
Complements
Two’s complements Continued:
 -9910 = 100111012
 = 0110010+ 1
 = 011000112
 = 99
 Two’s complement numbers can be added by
ordinary addition, ignoring any caries beyond the
MSB
 Perform one’s complement by ordinary addition
but add an extra 1 whenever you count pass
1111.
 If there is a carry out of the sign position add 1 to
the result. This rule is called end –around carry.
17
Number Systems
Assignment 1: Express the
following in denary form:
1. 314.2658
2. 3C4.21F16
3. 111.01012

18
Number Systems

End of Lecture

19

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