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Evolution and Population

evolution

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Whitney Cabangan
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9 views

Evolution and Population

evolution

Uploaded by

Whitney Cabangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EVOL U T I O

N A N D
P O P U L A T I
ON Unravelling the
Mechanisms of
Evolution
The Theory of Evolution
Contributions of Darwin and

Today’
Wallace
Evidence for Evolution

s Focus Fossils

Anatomy of Species

Biogeography

Antibiotic Resistance
EVOLUTION

Evolution is the change in the genetic composition of


a population over successive generations
THEORY OF EVOLUTION

lamarkc’s theory Darwin’s theory

states that modifications in species can change over


an individual are caused by time, that new species come
its environment, or the use or from pre-existing species, and
disuse of a structure during that all species share a
its lifetime, and that these common ancestor
changes can be inherited by
its offspring, bringing about
change in a species.
LAMARCK’S THEORY
OF EVOLUTION

• Jean Baptiste Lamarck a naturalist


• According to Lamarck, organisms altered their behavior in
response to environmental change. Their changed behavior, in
turn, modified their organs, and their offspring inherited those
"improved" structures. (Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics)
• Theory of Use and Disuse is when certain organs become
specially developed as a result of some environmental need,
then that state of development is hereditary and can be
passed on to progeny.
DARWIN’S THEORY
OPF EVOLUTION
• Natural selection - also known as “survival of the fittest,”
is the more prolific reproduction of individuals
with favorable traits that survive environmental
change because of those traits.
This leads to evolutionary change, the trait
becoming predominant within a population.
• descent with modification - change in populations over
successive generations
PATTERNS AND
PROCESSES OF
EVOLUTION
• Genetic variation within a population is a result of mutations
and sexual reproduction.
• A mutation may be neutral, reduce an organism’s fitness, or
increase an organism’s fitness.
• An adaptation is a heritable trait that increases the survival
and rate of reproduction of an organism in its present
environment.
• Divergent evolution describes the process in which two
species evolve in diverse directions from a common point.
• Convergent evolution is the process in which similar traits
evolve independently in species that do not share a recent
common ancestry.
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
POPULATION AND EVOLUTION
THE EVOLUTION
AND POPULATION
• According to evolutionary theory, every organism from
humans to beetles to plants to bacteria share a common
ancestor. Millions of years of evolutionary pressure caused
some organisms to died while others survived, leaving earth
with the diverse life forms we have today. Within this diversity
is unity; for example, all organisms are composed of cells and
use DNA. The theory of evolution gives us a unifying theory to
explain the similarities and differences within life’s organisms
and processes.
GENETIC VARIATION
IN POPULATION
• A population is a group of individuals that can all interbreed,
often distinguished as a species. Because these individuals
can share genes and pass on combinations of genes to the
next generation, the collection of these genes is called a gene
pool. The process of evolution occurs only in populations and
not in individuals. A single individual cannot evolve alone;
evolution is the process of changing the gene frequencies
within a gene pool. Five forces can cause genetic variation
and evolution in a population: mutations, natural selection,
genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, and gene flow.
GENETIC VARIATION
IN POPULATION
• MUTATION - Mutations occur spontaneously, but not all
mutations are heritable; they are passed down to offspring
only if the mutations occur in the gametes. These heritable
mutations are responsible for the rise of new traits in a
population.
• NATURAL SELECTION - In natural selection, those individuals
with superior traits will be able to produce more offspring. The
more offspring an organism can produce, the higher its
fitness. As novel traits and behaviors arise from mutation,
natural selection perpetuates the traits that confer a benefit
• GENETIC DRIFT - an overall shift of allele distribution in an
isolated population, due to random fluctuations in the
frequencies of individual alleles of the genes
• GENE FLOW - the transfer of alleles or genes from one
population to another

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