Scribd
Upload
8 views

Sources of Knowledge

Uploaded by

bb8863068
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Sources of Knowledge

Uploaded by

bb8863068
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

KNOWLEDGE:

IT’S SOURCES & TYPES


M. AAMIR LATIF
LECTURER-NUML
What is Knowledge ?

“Facts, information, and skills acquired through


experience or education”.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

Worldly

Divine/Religious
SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE

1. Instinct (‫)جبلت‬
2. Revelation ( ‫) وحی‬
3. Sensory Organs (smell/touch/see/taste/hear)
4. Tenacity
• Information is accepted as true because it has always been believed or
because superstition supports it.
• Information acquired might not be accurate.
• No method for correcting erroneous ideas
5. Intuition
• Information is accepted on the basis of a hunch or “gut feeling.”
( spiritual/muraqba/sufiasm/wajdaan/yoga/ Racky/Telepathy/Hypnotism etc.)
• No mechanism for separating accurate from inaccurate knowledge.

6. Authority

• A person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area.


(library/internet/newspaper/tv/mechanic/doctor/engineer etc.)
• Authorities can be biased.
• Subjective, personal opinion rather than true expert knowledge.
• By virtue of the person’s status as an authority, that expertise can be generalized to include the
question we are asking.
• People often accept an expert’s statement without question.
7. Faith
• Variant of the method of authority in which people have unquestioning trust in the authority
figure and, therefore, accept information from the authority without doubt or challenge.

8. Rationalism
• Seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning.
• premise statements describe facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true.
• An argument is a set of premise statements that are logically combined to
yield a conclusion.
All 3-year-old children are afraid of the dark.
Amy is a 3-year-old girl.
Therefore, Amy is afraid of the dark.
8. Empiricism
• uses observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge.
SCIENCE

1. SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE
2. Experience
3. Justified
4. Cause and effect
5. Repeatable/ authentic/ testable/generalize
6. Validity
Types

1. Natural Science
6 forces ( fire, earth, matter, air, water and energy)
e.g maths, physics, comp, chem etc.

2. Social Science
 Behavior
 Interaction
Characteristics of Science
1. Applied (Pre existing data ko apply in practical)
2. Pure( New Discoveries and inventions)
Difference between
Social & Natural
 Physical / social Science
 Tangible/ untangible
 Static/ changeable

 Industial Revolution 18th century


What is
 Research ?
Asking questions
 Collecting data
 Investigating
 Examining
 Explore

Dimensions
1. New discovery/ invention
2. Previous existing data validate
Scientific
1. Problem Selection Method
General to specific/ Defining problem
Induction/Deduction (Observation)
2. Literature Review
pre information about problem- study
3. Hypothesis
Predictions.
4. Methodology
material/tools/ method
5. Data Collection
collection
6. Result
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion
9. Limitation/ Suggestion
10. Publish
Home Assignment
What is the difference between theory and law?

You might also like