Session 1 Physics

MECHANICS AND ENERGY

 MECHANICS
Concepts of
Motion, Forces,
and Newton’s
Laws of Motion
Question No. 1:
A stone is thrown horizontally and follows the path XYZ shown. The direction of
the acceleration of the stone at point Y is:

a. ↓
b. →
c. A
d. t
e. a
SOLUTION: ANSWER: a

The acceleration of the stone at point Y is directed vertically downward.

In projectile motion, the only force acting on the object (ignoring air
resistance) is gravity, which causes an acceleration that is always directed
downward.
Question No. 2:
If an object moves with a constant speed in a circular path, what can be said
about its acceleration?
A) It is zero
B) It is directed towards the center of the circle
C) It is directed away from the center of the circle
D) It depends on the radius of the circle
SOLUTION: ANSWER: b

When an object moves with a constant speed in

a circular path, its velocity is continuously
changing direction, even though its speed
remains constant. This change in the direction
of velocity indicates that the object is
accelerating.

This type of acceleration is called centripetal

acceleration, and it always points towards the
center of the circle. This inward acceleration is
what keeps the object moving in a circular path.
Question No. 3:
A young girl wishes to select one of the frictionless playground slides, illustrated
below, to give her the greatest possible speed when she reaches the bottom of
the slide. Which of the slides illustrated in the diagram below should she
choose?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) It does not matter; her speed is the same for each slide
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e
Kf + U f = Ki + U i
mvi2 + mghi

0 + mghi

mghi f

g(hi

Applying This to the Diagram

All slides start at the same height (2.5 m) and end at the same lower height (0.5 m). Therefore, regardless
of the shape or length of the slide, the change in height is the same, and thus the final speed will be the
same for each slide.
Question No. 4:
A stone thrown from the top of a tall building follows a path that is:

a. Circular
b. made of two straight line segments
c. Hyperbolic
d. Parabolic
e. a straight line

https://www.doubtnut.com/qna/501548798
SOLUTION: ANSWER: d

https://www.doubtnut.com/qna/501548798

When a stone is thrown from the top of a building, it follows a parabolic

trajectory due to the influence of gravity, assuming air resistance is negligible.
This is because the stone has both a horizontal and vertical component of
motion, resulting in a curved path that forms a parabola.
Question No. 5:
Identical guns fire identical bullets horizontally at the same speed from the same
height above level planes, one on the Earth and one on the Moon. Which of the
following three statements is/are true?
I. The horizontal distance traveled by the bullet is greater for the Moon.
II. The flight time is less for the bullet on the Earth.
III. The velocity of the bullets at impact are the same.

a. III only
b. I and II only
c. I and III only
d. II and III only
e. I, II, III
SOLUTION: ANSWER: b

I. The horizontal distance traveled by the bullet is greater for the Moon.
This statement is true. Since the Moon has less gravity compared to Earth, the bullet
will take longer to fall to the ground, allowing it to travel a greater horizontal distance
before impact.

II. The flight time is less for the bullet on the Earth.
This statement is true. Because Earth's gravity is stronger, the bullet will reach the
ground faster than it would on the Moon.

III. The velocity of the bullets at impact are the same.

This statement is false. The vertical component of velocity will be different due to the
different gravitational accelerations. On Earth, the bullet will have a higher vertical
speed upon impact compared to the Moon because of the stronger gravity.
 Question No. 6:

A feather and a lead ball are dropped from rest in vacuum on the Moon. The
acceleration of the feather is:

A) more than that of the lead ball

B) the same as that of the lead ball
C) less than that of the lead ball
D) 9.8 m/s2
E) zero since it floats in a vacuum

Images:
https://learnmoredeeply.com/when-you-drop-a-heavy-metal-ball-and-a-feather-from-a-certain-height-which-
one-does-fall-first
https://www.slashgear.com/920618/whats-actually-under-the-moons-surface-according-to-nasa/
 SOLUTION: ANSWER: b

On the Moon, there is no atmosphere, which

means no air resistance. In a vacuum, all objects experience
the same acceleration due to gravity regardless of their
mass, shape, or material. This principle was famously
demonstrated by Galileo and is explained by Newton's laws
of motion.

On the Moon, the acceleration due to gravity is

about 1.6 m/s2. Since both the feather and the lead ball are
in free fall in a vacuum, they will fall with the same
acceleration. Therefore, their accelerations are equal.

This outcome is different from what happens on

Earth, where air resistance affects objects differently based
on their shape and mass, causing a feather to fall more
slowly than a lead ball in the presence of air. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frZ9dN_ATew
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E43-CfukEgs
Question No. 7:

A block weighing 200 N lies on a plane inclined 20° with the horizontal. What
force tends to pull the block down the plane?

A) F=200/cos 20°
B) F=200/sin 20°
C) F = (200)(sin 20°)
D) F = (200)(cos 20°)
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c N
m
N Fx = Wx

Θ
F = Wy Θ =
200
W = 200 N

Θ
Θ W = 200 N

sin Θ = opposite /
hypotenuse

sin Θ = Fx
200 N

0
Question No. 8:
A steel ball is attached to a string and is swung in a circular path in a horizontal
plane as illustrated in the accompanying figure. At the point P indicated in the
figure, the string suddenly breaks near the ball. If these events are observed
from directly above as in the figure, which path would the ball most likely follow
after the string breaks?

a. A
b. C
c. B
d. E
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c

When the string breaks, the ball will no longer be

constrained to move in a circular path. Instead, it will
move in a straight line tangent to the point where the
string broke (point P) due to inertia.

This is because, when the string breaks, the ball

follows the tangent to the circular path at the
point where the string broke, which is
represented by path B.
Question No. 9:
A plane traveling north at 200 m/s turns and then travels south at 200 m/s. The
change in its velocity is:

a. Zero
N
b. 200 m/s north 200 m/s
c. 200 m/s south
d. 400 m/s north
200 m/s
e. 400 m/s south
S
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e

To determine the change in velocity, we consider both the magnitude and direction
of the initial and final velocities.
1. Initial velocity: The plane is traveling north at 200 m/s.
2. Final velocity: The plane then turns and travels south at 200 m/s.

Since velocity is a vector quantity, we must take the direction into account:

•The initial velocity is +200 m/s (north).

•The final velocity is −200 m/s (south).

The change in velocity (Δv) is:

Δv = vfinal − vinitial = −200 m/s − 200 m/s = −400 m/s

The magnitude of the change is - 400 m/s.

Question No. 10:
The airplane shown is in level flight at an altitude of 0.50 km and a speed of 150
km/h. At what distance d should it release a heavy bomb to hit the target X?
Take g = 10 m/s2

a. 150 m
b. 295 m
c. 420 m
d. 2550 m
e. 15, 000 m
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c

The time it takes for the bomb to hit the ground is the same time the airplane (and thus the bomb, before it
is released) travels horizontally. This is because the bomb maintains the same horizontal velocity as the
airplane at the moment it is released, and there is no horizontal acceleration acting on the bomb (assuming
air resistance is negligible).
The time the bomb takes to fall to the ground from a
height of 500 m is The horizontal distance travelled by airplane at
the same time the bomb hit the target is
Yfinal = Yinitial + Vinitialt +
500 m = 0 + 0 + d = vt
= t2
d = (150 km/h) (1 h / 3600 s)(1000 m/1 km)
t = = 10.10 s
(10.10 s)

d = 420 m
Question No. 11:
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20-m high hill. It strikes the
ground at an angle of 45◦. With what speed was it thrown?

a. 14 m/s
b. 20 m/s
c. 28 m/s
d. 32 m/s
e. 40 m/s
 SOLUTION: ANSWER: b
Vinitial = Vx at the moment of impact, Voy = 0
The vertical velocity vy just
before impact

Vy = Voy + gt
Vx

450 Vy = 0 + (9.8 m/s2) (2.02 s)

The time it takes for the ball to fall to
Vy
the ground from a height of 20 m is 450 Vy = 19.79 m/s
Yfinal = Yinitial + Vinitialt +
20 m = 0 + 0 +
Since the ball strikes the ground at a 450 angle, this means that
= t2 the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity are
equal at the moment of impact.
t = = 2.02 s
Vx = Vy = 19.79 m/s = Vinitial
Question No. 12:
A dart is thrown horizontally toward X at 20 m/s as shown. It hits Y 0.1 s later. The
distance XY is:

a. 2 m
b. 1 m
c. 0.5 m
d. 0.1 m
e. 0.05 m
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e

Since the dart is thrown horizontally, its initial vertical velocity is 0. The vertical distance (Yfinal =
distance XY ) it falls at time t = 0.1 s is given by:

Yfinal (XY) = Yinitial + Vinitialt +

Yfinal (XY) = 0 + 0 +

Yfinal (XY) = 0.05 m

Question No. 13:
A girl wishes to swim across a river to a point directly opposite as shown. She can
swim at 2 m/s in still water and the river is flowing at 1 m/s. At what angle θ with
respect to the line joining the starting and finishing points should she swim?

a. 30◦
b. 45◦
c. 60◦
d. 63◦
e. 90◦
SOLUTION: ANSWER: a
To determine the angle θ at which the girl should swim, we must account for both her swimming speed and the
current of the river. She needs to swim at an angle upstream to counteract the downstream flow of the river and
end up directly opposite her starting point.

We need to find the angle θ at which she should swim relative to the straight line across the river (perpendicular to
the river flow) so that her horizontal velocity (the component counteracting the river's flow) exactly cancels out the
river's current.
To swim directly across, her horizontal component must exactly Vx
cancel the river’s flow:

Vx = Vriver
Vy
2 m/s sin Θ = 1 m/s V = 2 m/s

sin Θ = opposite / hypotenuse

Sin Θ = ½
Θ = sin -1 0.5 sin Θ = __Vx_
2 m/s
Θ = 300
V = 2 m/s (sin Θ)
Question No. 14:
Two blocks are connected by a string and pulley as shown. Assuming that the
string and pulley are massless, the magnitude of the acceleration of each block is:

a. 0.049 m/s2
b. 0.020 m/s2
c. 0.0098 m/s2
d. 0.54 m/s2
e. 0.98 m/s2
 SOLUTION: ANSWER: e FBD
W = m 1g

W = m 2g
The net force is due to the difference in the weights of the two
blocks:

Fnet = m2g – m1g Using Newton's second law:

Fnet = mtotal (a)

Fnet = (m2 – m1) g
Fnet = (0.11 kg – .09 kg) 9.8 m/s2
a = 0.196 N / 0.20 kg
Fnet = 0.196 N
a = 0.98 m/s2
Question No. 15 :
At what angle should the roadway on a curve with a 50 m radius be banked to
allow cars to negotiate the curve at 12 m/s even if the roadway is icy (and the
frictional force is zero)?

a. 0
b. 16◦
c. 18◦
d. 35◦
e. 73◦

Source: https://dynref.engr.illinois.edu/avb.html
SOLUTION: ANSWER: b

The formula for the banking angle (θ) when the frictional force is zero is given by:

tan (θ) =
Given:
(θ) = ?
r = 50 m
v = 12 m/s tan (θ) =
g = 9.8 m/s2
θ = tan-1 (0.2938)

Θ = 16.260

The angle at which the roadway should be banked to allow cars to negotiate the curve at 12 m/s without friction
is approximately 16°.
 ENERGY
Understanding
Different Forms of
Energy, Conservation
of Energy, and Energy
Transformations
Question No. 1:

Which of the following groups does NOT contain a scalar quantity?

a. velocity, force, power

b. displacement, acceleration, force
c. acceleration, speed, work
d. energy, work, distance
e. pressure, weight, time
SOLUTION: ANSWER: b
A scalar quantity is defined by its magnitude alone, whereas a vector quantity is defined by both magnitude and
direction.

Let's examine each group to identify which one contains only vector quantities or at least one vector quantity:

1. velocity, force, power

1. Velocity and force are vectors (they have direction), while power is a scalar.

2. displacement, acceleration, force

1. Displacement, acceleration, and force are all vectors.

3. acceleration, speed, work

1. Acceleration is a vector, but speed and work are scalars.

4. energy, work, distance

1. All of these are scalars.

5. pressure, weight, time

1. Weight is a vector (it has direction), while pressure and time are scalars.

The correct answer is:

displacement, acceleration, force, as it is the only group where all the quantities are vectors.
Question No. 2:

The amount of work required to stop a moving object is equal to:

a. the velocity of the object

b. the kinetic energy of the object
c. the mass of the object times its acceleration
d. the mass of the object times its velocity
e. the square of the velocity of the object
SOLUTION: ANSWER: b

When you apply a force to stop the object, the work done is equal
to the change in kinetic energy (from its initial value to zero).

The work-energy theorem states that the net

work done by the forces on an object equals
the change in its kinetic energy.

W = ΔKE = KEfinal - KEinitial −

Question No. 3:

Which one of the following five quantities CANNOT be used as a unit of potential
energy?

a. watt·second
b. gram·cm/s2
c. Joule
d. kg·m2/s2
e. ft·lb
 SOLUTION: ANSWER: b
To determine which quantity cannot be used as a unit of potential energy, let's evaluate each option and check if it is equivalent to the unit of energy (joules).

A. watt·second
1. A watt is a unit of power (joules/second\text{joules/second}joules/second).
2. Multiplying it by seconds gives: watt×second=joule\text{watt} \times \text{second} = \text{joule}watt×second=joule.
3. Therefore, this can be used as a unit of energy.

B. gram·cm/s²
4. This is a unit of force in the CGS system, known as a dyne.
5. Force (dyne) is not a unit of energy. Energy requires multiplying force by a distance (work done).
6. Therefore, this cannot be used as a unit of potential energy.

C. joule
7. A joule is the SI unit of energy and can definitely be used as a unit of potential energy.

D. kg·m²/s²
8. This is equivalent to a joule (the SI unit of energy) because energy in SI units is expressed as kg\cdotpm²/s²\text{kg·m²/s²}kg\cdotpm²/s².
9. Therefore, this can be used as a unit of potential energy.

E. ft·lb
10. This is a unit of energy in the Imperial system, called a foot-pound.
11. It can be used as a unit of potential energy in the Imperial system.
Question No. 4:

No kinetic energy is possessed by:

a. a shooting star
b. a rotating propeller on a moving airplane
c. a pendulum at the bottom of its swing
d. an elevator standing at the fifth floor
e. a cyclone
SOLUTION: ANSWER: d

The formula for kinetic energy is:

If an object is at rest (meaning its velocity is zero), its kinetic energy is also zero. Let's evaluate each
option:

A. a shooting star
- A shooting star moves rapidly through the atmosphere, so it has kinetic energy.
B. a rotating propeller on a moving airplane
- The propeller is rotating and the airplane is moving, so the propeller has kinetic energy.
C. a pendulum at the bottom of its swing
- At the bottom of its swing, the pendulum is moving at its maximum speed, so it has kinetic
energy.
D. an elevator standing at the fifth floor
- If the elevator is stationary (standing), its velocity is zero, so it has no kinetic energy.
E. a cyclone
- A cyclone involves moving air and wind, so it has kinetic energy.
Question No. 5:
An elevator is rising at constant speed. Consider the following statements:

I. the upward cable force is constant

II. the kinetic energy of the elevator is constant
III. the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-elevator system is constant
IV. the acceleration of the elevator is zero
V. the mechanical energy of the Earth-elevator system is constant.

a. all five are true

b. only II and V are true
c. only IV and V are true
d. only I, II, and III are true
e. only I, II, and IV are true
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e

Let's analyze each statement in the context of an elevator rising at constant speed:

I. The upward cable force is constant: This is true because the elevator is moving at a constant speed, implying
that the upward force from the cable balances the downward force due to gravity. There is no net force, so the
cable force remains constant.
II. The kinetic energy of the elevator is constant: This is true because the elevator moves at constant speed.
Kinetic energy depends on the speed (and mass) of the elevator, and since speed is constant, the kinetic energy
remains constant.
III. The gravitational potential energy of the Earth-elevator system is constant: This is false. As the elevator
rises, its height increases, which increases the gravitational potential energy (which depends on height).
IV. The acceleration of the elevator is zero: This is true because the elevator is moving at a constant speed.
Constant speed means no change in velocity, so the acceleration is zero.
V. The mechanical energy of the Earth-elevator system is constant: This is true if we consider that the
mechanical energy (sum of kinetic and potential energy) remains constant when no non-conservative forces
(like friction or air resistance) are doing work. In this case, the increase in gravitational potential energy is
balanced by the work done by the cable.

Based on the analysis, statements I, II, IV, and V are true.

Question No. 6:
A woman lifts a barbell 2.0 m in 5.0 s. If she lifts it the same distance in 10 s, the
work done by her is:

a. four times as great

b. two times as great
c. the same
d. half as great
e. one-fourth as great
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c

The work done by the woman is determined by the formula:

Work = Force × Displacement or Work = ΔGPE = mghf - mghi

Since the distance lifted and the weight (force) of the barbell remain the
same in both cases, the work done depends only on these two factors. The
time taken (whether it's 5 seconds or 10 seconds) does not affect the
amount of work done, as work is independent of time.

Therefore, the work done in lifting the barbell at the same distance in 10 s
is: the same.
Question No. 7:
A 2-kg block is thrown upward from a point 20 m above Earth’s surface. At what
height above Earth’s surface will the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-
block system have increased by 500 J?

a. 5 m
b. 25 m
c. 46 m
d. 70 m
e. 270 m
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c

To determine the height at which the gravitational potential energy (GPE)

increases by 500 J, we use the formula for gravitational potential energy:

ΔGPE = mghf – mghi = mg (hf –hi)

Given:
ΔGPE = 500 J hf = ?
m = 2 kg
hi = 20 m
500 J = (2 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (hf – 20 m)
500 J = 19.6 kg m/s2 hf – 392 kg m2/s2

500 J + 392 J = 19.6 kg m/s2 hf

892 J = 19.6 kg m/s2 hf
Question No. 8:

A man pulls a 100-N crate up a frictionless 30◦ slope 5 m high, as shown.

Assuming that the crate moves at constant speed, the work done by the man is:

a. −500 J
b. −250 J
c. 0 J
d. 250 J
e. 500 J
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e FBD
N
Fx = Wx m
N
Θ
F = Wy Θ =
Wx 300
F=
W = 100 N
Θ=300
sin Θ = opposite / hypotenuse
W = 100 N
sin Θ = Fx
100 N
The work done by the man, W = F . d cos (Θ) Fx = 100 N (sin 300) = 50 N

sin Θ = opposite /
W = F . d cos (Θ) hypotenuse
?
W = (50 N) (10 m) cos 00 d= h=5m
W = 500 J sin Θ = h
Θ= d
300 d = 5 m/(sin 300) = 10 m
Question No. 9:
An escalator is used to move 20 people (60 kg each) per minute from the first
floor of a department store to the second floor, 5 m above. Neglecting friction, the
power required is approximately:

a. 100 W
b. 200 W
c. 1 000 W
d. 2 000 W
e. 60 000 W
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c

To find the power required,

Power = Work / Time

​First, let's calculate the total work done in moving the 20 people. The work done to lift an object is given by:

W = Δ GPE = mg(h2-h1)

Each person has a mass of 60 kg, and there are 20 people:

Mtotal = 60 kg/person × 20 people = 1200 kg

So, the total work done is

W = 1200 kg × 9.8 m/s2 × 5 m = 58 800 J

Since this work is done every minute, we convert the time to seconds (1 minute = 60 seconds):

Power = 58 800 J / 60 s = 980 W or approximately 1000 W

Question No. 10:
An ideal spring, with a pointer attached to its end, hangs next to a scale. With a
100-N weight attached, the pointer indicates “40” on the scale as shown. Using a
200-N weight instead results in “60” on the scale. Using an unknown weight X
instead results in “30” on the scale. The weight of X is:

a. 10 N
b. 20 N
c. 30 N
d. 40 N
e. 50 N
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e

60 30

200 N X
A 100-N weight results in a scale reading of 40. A 200-N weight results in a scale reading of 60.

Since the scale reading for the unknown weight X is 30, we can
The difference in weight: calculate its weight based on the scale reading of 40 (which
200 N − 100 N = 100 N corresponds to 100 N):
The difference in scale readings:
The difference in scale readings: 40 − 30 = 10
60 − 40 = 20
Since each unit on the scale represents 5 N:
Therefore, for every 20 units on the scale, the 10 × 5 N = 50 N
weight changes by 100 N. This gives us a ratio:
Therefore, the weight corresponding to a scale reading of 30 is:
100 N / 20 unit = 5 N per unit 100 N − 50 N = 50 N
Question No. 11:
A small object of mass m, on the end of a light cord, is held horizontally at a
distance r from a fixed support as shown. The object is then released. What is the
tension force of the cord when the object is at the lowest point of its swing?

a. mg/2
b. mg
c. 2mg
d. 3mg
e. mgr
SOLUTION: ANSWER: d

To find the tension in the cord when the object is at the lowest point of its swing, we need to consider two
forces:
1. The gravitational force acting on the object
2. The centripetal force required to keep it moving in a circular path.

Tension Fcentripetal = = = = 2mg

Fcentripetal
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
KE2 + PE2 = KEi + PE1
+ mgr1
Fgravitational = mg
mgr1
Tension = Fgravitational + Fcentripetal
mgr1
2gr1
Tension = mg + 2mg = 3mg
Question No. 12:
Suppose the string in the figure is 50 cm long. When the ball is released from
rest, it swings along the dotted arc. How fast is it going at the lowest point in its
swing?

a. 2.0 m/s
b. 2.2 m/s
c. 3.1 m/s
d. 4.4 m/s
e. 6.0 m/s
SOLUTION: ANSWER: c
Question No. 13:
A block is released from rest at point P and slides along the frictionless track
shown. At point Q, its speed is:

a. 2g
b. 2g (h1 – h2)

c. (h1 – h2) / 2g

d. (h1 – h2)2 / 2g
SOLUTION: ANSWER: d

Principle of conservation of mechanical energy

K2 + PE2 = Ki + PE1
mv12 + mgh1

mgh1
mg(h1
2g(h1
Question No. 14:
Three identical blocks move either on a horizontal surface, up a plane, or down a
plane, as shown below. They start with different speeds and continue to move
until brought to rest by friction. They all move the same distance. Rank the three
situations according to the initial speeds, least to greatest.

a. The same for all cases

b. 1, 2, 3
c. 1, then 2 and 3 tie
d. 3, 1, 2
e. 2, 1, 3
SOLUTION: ANSWER: d

We have three identical blocks moving on surfaces with friction, and they travel the same distance before coming to rest. However, they are
moving on different inclines:
1.Block 1 moves on a horizontal surface.
2.Block 2 moves up an incline.
3.Block 3 moves down an incline.
We'll rank them based on their initial speeds needed to cover the same distance against friction before stopping.

4.Horizontal Surface (Block 1):

1. The only force opposing the motion is the friction force.
2. The initial kinetic energy must be equal to the work done by friction over the distance.
3. It requires more speed than Block 3 but less than Block 2, as it only needs to overcome friction.
5.Up the Incline (Block 2):
1. Friction opposes the motion, just like in the horizontal case, but gravity also acts against the motion as the block moves up.
2. Therefore, the block needs more initial speed compared to the horizontal case to counter both friction and gravity over the same
distance.
3. It needs the greatest initial speed, as it has to overcome both friction and gravity.
6.Down the Incline (Block 3):
1. Friction opposes the motion, but gravity assists it as the block moves down.
2. As a result, the block needs less initial speed compared to the horizontal case because gravity helps it move.
3. It requires the least initial speed (due to the assistance from gravity), it should be ranked first.

Therefore:
The correct ranking, from least to greatest initial speed, is: 3 (down the incline), 1 (horizontal), 2 (up the incline).
Question No. 15:
A 0.75-kg block slides on a rough horizontal table top. Just before it hits a
horizontal ideal spring its speed is 3.5 m/s. It compresses the spring 5.7 cm
before coming to rest. If the spring constant is 1200 N/m, the internal energy of
the block and the table top must have:

a. not changed
b. decreased by 1.9 J
c. decreased by 2.6 J
d. increased by 1.9 J
e. increased by 2.6 J
SOLUTION: ANSWER: e
Given:
m = 0.75 kg (mass of the block)
v = 3.5 m/s (initial speed of the block)
k = 1200 N/m (spring constant)
x = 0.057 m (compression distance converted from 5.7 cm to meters)
The difference between the initial kinetic energy and the elastic
potential energy stored in the spring will be the amount of energy
converted into internal energy (due to friction) (Principle of Energy
Conservation):
ΔE internal​=KE initial​−PE spring​

ΔE internal​= - V = 3.5 m/s x = 5.7 m

ΔE internal​= -
m = 0.75 m = 0.75
ΔE internal​= - kg kg

ΔE internal​= -

ΔE internal​=