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The Structure of Atom

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12 views11 pages

The Structure of Atom

Uploaded by

Ece Elisabeth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Structure of Atom

● Atoms are made up of three kinds of


particles : protons, neutrons and
electrons.
● The protons and neutrons are
grouped closely together in the centre
of the atom. They form the nucleus of
the atom.
● The electrons move around the
nucleus.
● There is a lot of empty space between
parts of atom. This space really is
completely empty.
● The attraction between the positive
and negative charges is called
electrostatic attraction.
The three different particles in an atom have different properties:

● Mass of Protons = mass of neutrons


● Mass of protons > mass of electron
● Protons have a positive electrical charge
● Electrons have a negative electrical charge
● Neutrons have no electrical charge.
How did Scientists come up with this
model of structure of atom?
John Dalton
● On early 1800s, Dalton discovered the substances were made of small hard
spheres called atoms, that could not be divided into anything smaller.
● The word ‘atom’ comes from a Greek word that means cannot be split.
J.J.Thompson

● In the late 1890s a British scientist called J.J.Thompson discovered electron.


● He said the electrons were scatted throughout the structure of the atom.
● His model for atom sometimes called the “PLUM PUDDING MODEL”,
because the particles are arranged randomly, like fruit in a cake or pudding.
Ernest Rutherford
● One of Thompson’s students from New Zealand, named Ernest Rutherford,
discovered the proton in 1909 and the nucleus in 1911.
● His most famous experiment was the gold foil experiment.
● In this experiment, he fired fast moving particles. Most particles passed
straight through the foil. Only 1 out of 8000 were deflected (means that the
direction of the particles was changed)
Rutherford’s model of atom
Niels Bohr
● On 1913, Bohr assisted the discovery of electrons by working on the theoretical
calculations.
● He suggested that the electrons orbit the nucleus in shells or orbits that are at
set distances from the nucleus.

Planetary Model
James Chadwick
● James Chadwick worked with Rutherford and Thompson.
● In 1932, he proved that neutrons exist.
● This discovery is the closer model to the one scientist use today.

Modern Atomic Model


Until now, the scientist from around the world are using the Large Hadron Collider in
Switzerland to improve the understanding about atom.

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