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13.1 (C) GASES - Qualitative Analysis

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23 views

13.1 (C) GASES - Qualitative Analysis

Uploaded by

Anastacia Gibson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Qualitative Analysis.

Identification of gases
Specific Objetives
Identify gases – H2, O2, CO2, NH3, SO2,NO2, Cl2 and H2O

The following criteria to be used for identification:


🞐 Colour and odour.
🞐 Reaction with lighted or a glowing splint
🞐 Reaction with moist litmus paper
🞐 Reaction with dry cobalt chloride paper or anhydrous
copper (II) sulphate.
🞐 Reaction with acidified K2Cr2O7 or KMnO4
🞐 Reaction with a glass rod dipped in aqueous NH 3 or
concentrated HCl(aq)
🞐 Reaction with lime water.
What is Qualitative Analysis?
■QA is a process that a chemist carries out to identify
an unknown substance.
■The analysis will identify the gas(es), cation(s) and anion(s)
present in the unknown sample.
Five important steps in QA
1. Make preliminary observations about the
unknown substance.
2. Carry out tests in the order given.
3. Make observations and record them in a suitable
format.
4. Draw conclusions from the observations
5. Identify the unknown substance.
Identification of gases.
■How do we tell if a gas is given off?

(a) Effervescence
- Bubbles of gas are seen in
the solution.
(b) Fumes
- White fumes are seen when a
substance is heated.
Identification of gases.
Testing for gases
▪ Note the colour of the gas by
Look here
looking through the side of the
Not here
test tube above the substance or
solution.

▪ Note the smell of the gas by holding the


mouth of the tube a few cm from the
nose and fanning the gas towards you.
Identification of gases.
Testing with litmus paper
Wet the litmus papers (one piece of blue
and one piece of red) with distilled water,
then hold it near the mouth of the test tube.
Do not allow the litmus paper to touch the
sides of the test tube or drop it into the
reagent, as it will react with the reagent and
give a false result.
Identification of gases.
Test for gases with lighted splint
POP
Place a lighted (burning) splint
near the mouth of the test tube.
(A) If the lighted splint
extinguishes with a “pop”
sound, then the gas is
hydrogen.
Identification of gases.
Test for gases with lighted splint

(B) If the lighted splint burns more brightly, then the gas
may be oxygen. In this case, you can confirm its identity by
using a glowing splint.
(C) Insert a glowing splint (no fire) into the mouth of the test tube.
If the glowing splint is relighted (rekindled) and burns brightly,
then the gas is oxygen.

(D) If the burning splint is extinguished, then the gas may be


carbon dioxide, water vapour, or some other gases.
Identification of gases.
Testing for carbon dioxide
• Pour limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) into a test tube
until it reaches a depth of 2 cm from the bottom of the test tube.
• Stopper the reacting test tube with a delivery tube and pass the
gas into the limewater.
• If a white ppt. is formed, the gas is carbon dioxide.

Note: The carbon dioxide should not be passed for too long, as the
limewater will turn clear again (due to the formation of soluble
calcium hydrogen carbonate), giving a false impression of a negative
test.
TABLE: TESTING FOR GASES
Gas Colour Odour Litmus OBSERVATION ON TEST
paper(moist)
Oxygen Colourless Odourless No effect Relights a glowing splint .

Hydrogen Colourless Odourless No effect Give a “pop” sound with a


lighted splint.
Carbon Colourless Odourless Blue to red A white precipitate forms
dioxide when gas is bubble through
lime water.

Ammonia Colourless Pungent (like Red to blue Dense white fumes produced
urine) when the gas comes in
contact with a glass rod
dipped in conc. HCl(aq).

Chlorine Light Pungent Blue to red Moist starch / KI paper turns


greenish- (Like swimming then white blue-black.
yellow pool water)
TABLE: TESTING FOR GASES

Gas Colour Odour Litmus OBSERVATION ON TEST


paper(moist)
Sulphur Colourless Pungent Blue to red Change acidified K2Cr2O7
dioxide (like burning change from orange to green,
match) and KMnO4 /H+ from purple to
colourless.

Nitrogen Brown Irritating Blue to red


dioxide

Hydrogen Colourless Pungent Blue to red Dense white fumes produced


chloride when the gas contacts a glass
rod dipped in concentrated
aqueous ammonia.

Water Colourless Odourless No effect Anhydrous (blue) cobalt


vapour chloride paper turns pink.
Question
Complete the table
below. Test Observation Inference
1. Heat a little of solid X Gas evolved extinguishes a burning
strongly in a test tube. splint. It turns limewater chalky.

2. Heat the solution P gently A pungent gas was given off. It turned
and test for any gas moist red litmus to blue.
evolved.

3. Heat solid Q strongly in a A colourless and odourless gas is


test tube. Test for any gas given off. The gas relights a glowing
evolved. splint.

4. Add solid X to the Bubbles of gas were given off. The


solution Z and warm. burning splint is extinguished with a
Test for any gas evolved. “pop” sound.
Solution
Solution
Test Observation Inference
1. Heat a little of solid X Gas evolved extinguished a Gas produced is carbon
strongly in a test tube. burning splint. It turned limewater dioxide.
chalky. CO32- may be present.

2. Heat the solution P A pungent gas was given off. It Gas evolved is NH3.
gently and test for any turned moist red litmus to blue. NH4+ may be present.
gas evolved.

3. Heat solid Q strongly A colourless and odourless gas is Gas evolved is oxygen.
in a test tube. Test for given off. The gas relighted a
any gas evolved. glowing splint.

4. Add solid X to the Bubbles of gas were given off. Gas evolved is hydrogen.
solution Z and warm. Gas extinguished a lighted splint Solid X may be a metal and
Test for any gas evolved. with a ‘pop’ sound. solution Z may be an acid.

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