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Unit 1.7 Ionic Bonding Edexcel

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Naw Sahblut Moo
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13 views

Unit 1.7 Ionic Bonding Edexcel

Uploaded by

Naw Sahblut Moo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ionic Bonding

Unit 1.7
Ionic Bonding ● The charged particles that are formed are called
ions. ( Na+)
● Ions are charged particles formed when atoms
( or groups of atoms) lose or gain electrons. Ions
can have either a positive or a negative charge.
● A positive ion is called cation, for example
( Na+)
● A negative ion is called an anion, for example
(Cl⁻)

When an ionic compound is formed, electron(s)


are transferred from a metal atom to a non-
metal atom to form positive and negative ions.

Have ionic bonding.

Ionic bonding is the strong electrostatic


attraction between positive and negative ions.
Ionic bonding in
magnesium oxide
● The lithium atom has 1 electron in its
Other Examples of outer shell that is easily lost, and the
fluorine has space to receive one.
Ionic Bonding ● One electron is transferred from the
lithium atom to fluorine atom.
● Lithium fluoride is held together by a
strong electrostatic attractions between
positive lithium (Li⁺) ions and the
negative fluoride (F⁻) ions.

❏ The calcium atom [2,8,8,2] has 2


electrons in its outer shell but each
chlorine atom [2,8,7] only has room in its
outer shell to take one of them.
❏ The 2 electrons are transferred from the
outer shell of a calcium is therefore CaCl₂.
❏ There will be very strong electrostatic
attraction holding the ions together
because of the 2+ charge on the calcium
ions.
Confusing Endings Hint

Not looking carefully at the word


endings is one of the most common
mistakes students make when they start
to write formulae.

Key Point

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is an


example of an ionic compound that does
not contain a metal.There is ionic
bonding between the NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

There is also sa covalent bonding in this


compound: the NH₄⁺ ion is held together
by covalent bonding.
Eg 1 To find the formula for sodium oxide
Deducing the Sodium , Na⁺ (2.8.1)

formula for an ionic Oxygen , O²⁻ (2.6)

compound
The formula is therefore Na₂O.

Eg 2 To find the formula for barium nitrate

Barium , Ba²⁺

Nitrate , NO₃⁻

The formula is Ba(NO₃)₂

Eg 2 To find the formula for iron(III) sulfate

Iron(IIi) , Fe³⁺

Sulfate ions, SO₄²⁻

The formula is Fe₂(SO₄)₃

Another Example

Ca and Cl = CaCl₂

Ca and O = CaO
Giant Ionic All ionic compounds form crystals that consist of
lattices of positive and negative ions packed

Structures together in a regular way.

A lattice is a regular array of particles.

The lattice is held together by the strong


electrostatic attractions between the positively
and negatively charged ions.

➢ The structure of sodium chloride is ( giant


ionic lattice)
➢ Giant = there are no individual molecules
➔ The structure of magnesium oxide (MgO)
➔ Held together by strong forces of attraction

Sodium chloride has weak forces of attraction


than magnesium oxide because they are only
between 1+ and 1- ions.
The Physical ★ Ionic compounds have high melting points
and boiling point because of the strong

Properties of Ionic electrostatic forces of attraction holding


the lattice together.

Substances ★ A lot of energy has to be applied to break


the strong electrostatic forces of attraction
between oppositely charged ions in the
giant lattice structure.
★ Ionic compounds tend to be crystalline.
THis reflects the regular arrangement of
ions in the lattice.
★ Ionic crystals tend to be brittle. This is
because any small distortion of a crystal
will bring ions with the same charge
alongside each other. Like charges repel
and so the crystal splits itself apart.
The Electrical
● The, ionic compounds tend to be soluble in
water are quite complicated.

Conductivity of
● Water is a covalent molecule but the electrons
in the bonds are more attracted towards the

Ionic Substances
oxygen end of the bond.
● This makes the oxygen slightly negative and
the hydrogen slightly positive- the molecule is
★ Ionic compound don’t conduct called polar.
electricity when they are solid ● This means that reasonably strong forces can
because the ions are fixed in be formed between the water molecules and
position and are not free to move ions, which provide the energy to break the
around.
lattice apart.
★ Can conduct electricity when they
● All ionic substances are soluble in water:
are molten or if they are
magnesium oxide isn’t soluble in water
dissolved in water ( in aqueous
solution) because the attraction between the water
★ The ions then become free to molecules and the ions aren’t strong enough
move around. to overcome the very strong electrostatic
forces of attraction between magnesium and
oxide ions.

Molten just means that the salt has

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