EDU4055EF

Self understanding
and Personal efficacy
L1 Young adult
 Learning
1. outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students should be able
to:
•apply developmental theories in understanding
human development
•critically reflect their strengths and limitations
•seek for, accept and respond to criticism and

1. feedback positively
•identify and criticize factors contributing to
1. positive self-development
•critically reflect on their roles and the role of
others in an
organization
Teaching
Plan
Assignmen
t
 Assignment 1-
• Submission Date:Individual
Lecture 10
• Date: 05/07/2022 , 11:59 pm
• Essay writing- around 1500 words
• Each student will prepare a self-reflection paper to
reflect their self awareness of them during
● the learning process, and to apply the
● theories learnt in their daily life.
 Assignment 1-
Individual
Self Reflective Paper
●You may consider the following questions when you
●prepare the paper:

1. What do I consider to be the most important things

●that I have learned in this subject? Name at least
● three.

2. What changes have been brought about through

●what I have learned in this subject?

3. Any insights gained? Any implications

●for my future development as a helping professional?
 Assignment 1-
Individual
• Assignment Submission Way:
● Soft upload on OLE
• Typing & printing requested:
– Typing – Times New Roman font,
– font size : 12, double line spacing
– Printing - A4 paper, single-side printed
• Citation & References
– Citation - Write the citation source within
the “text”. Use the APA referencing style.
– Reference list at the end of the essay
 Assignment
Group 2-
• In groupspresentation
of 4-5
• 30 mins
• Presentation Date: L17-L20
–To be fair, all groups submit soft copy on L17

(via OLE)
–Hard copy on the exact presentation date
• The presentation should be conducted in
1. English
• Each person should get a turn to present as it is a group
effort.
• Upload your group member on google link
• The order of presentation will be randomly selected.
 Assignment 2-
Group
presentation
• a selected topic of empowering self and others with
case illustration on how to synthesize and apply the
concepts
•
1. In your group, choose
interpersonal at least oneskills
communication type to
of focus on
2. and design an activity which aims to enhance the
3. collaboration with parents / colleagues / students.
• Role play the activity to the whole
class.
 Class
rules
1.The tutor will invite you to share your feelings.
You
may say “No”, but hope you try.

● 2. Confidentiality: don’t take photo, record,

keep
all the stories in the classroom

● 3. Respect others: listen

 Who am
● Activity 1: Who am I ? I

● Close your eyes.

● Think of an object (animal, flowers, toys,……) to
represent
yourself
● Open your eyes.
● Share with your group mates
● What is it ? Why?

● Time allowed: 15 minutes

Who am
IYoung
adult !!!!!!
Three Phases of
Adulthood
 The Age of
Adulthood
● Young adulthood= late teens to mid to
late thirties
● Middle adulthood= Begins around 35
and
lasts through the late 60’s
● Older adulthood= Age 65 traditionally
used
as the start of old age
 Maturity and
● Adulthood
Maturity is reached when a balance
of growth in th physiological,
psychosocial, and cognitive areas has
been attained.
● Characteristics of Maturity
○ Accepts constructive criticism

○ Open to suggestion

○ Learns from own and other’s experiences

○ Accepts responsibility for their own mistakes

 Early (Young)
●
Adulthood
In some countries, added years of
● education and later marriage has
● delayed full adult independence.
This seems to have created a new
phase
● which can be called
● emerging adulthood, ages 18-25.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5OyiJm5m4s
 Early (Young)
● Begins in Adulthood
late teens/early 20s and
● lasts through the 40s
● Term for the transition from adolescence to
adulthood
that is characterized by
● experimentation and exploration
● Early adulthood is a time of:
● –establishing personal and economic
● independence
● –Identity exploration, especially in love
● and work
● –Instability; Self-focused
● –Feeling in-between
 Maturity
● California Maturity Index (CMI)™*
level
● https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/
blog/ just-listen/201309/how-mature-are-
you-the- california-maturity-index-cmi

● Are you’re a mature person?

Self
reflection
● :
Becoming an
■
adulthood—
Adult
five major role transitions of young

■ leaving home,
■ completing school,

■ entering the workforce,

■ forming a romantic partnership,

■ and transitioning into or moving

toward parenthood
 Becoming an
Key Features Adult
●
● of Emerging Adulthood
○
● Identity exploration, especially in love and
work.
● Insta○bility in residence, love, work, education
● Self-f○ocused (little in way of commitments
and socia○l obligations)
● Feeling in-between
● Age o○f possibilities- transforming their lives
 Becoming an
Adult
• at risk youth entered emerging
● adulthood slightly earlier than general
population

• Resilience is shown in moving

● their life in a positive direction
● following a trouble adolescence.
 Becoming an
●
Adult
Suggestions fo r helping adolescents
○
become more mature:
• Provide them with opportunities to be
○ ○
meaningful
contributor
○
s.
• quality feedback to adolescents (how the real world
works)
• Create positive adult connections with adolescents
(wider
social world)
• Challenge adolescents to become more competent.
(Accomplish more)
 Becoming an
Adult
Markers of becoming an Adult
•Full-time job
•Economic independence
•Responsibility for oneself
•Marriage
•Study: Continued co-residence with parents
● during emerging adulthood slowed down
the process of becoming a self-sufficient and
independent adult

Agree ??
 Becoming an
Adult
● Going to College
• Impersonal school structure
• Interaction with peers from diverse backgrounds
• Feeling of grown up
• Exploring different lifestyles and values
• Greater independence from parents
• Challenged intellectually
• More stress and depression from previous
generations
 Growth and Development of the
Young Adult
● Physiological
○ Few maturational changes
○ Experience severe illness less
○ Physical changes occur as middle age approaches
○ Personal life-style assessment

● Cognitive
○ Critical thinking abilities increase with
experiences
○ Develop problem solving skills
○ Identify occupation
 Growth and Development of
the Young Adult
● Psychosocial
○ Emotional health to resolve personal/ social tasks
○ Predictable trends
■ 23-28- Refining self-perception and ability for intimacy
■ 29-34- Directs energy toward achievement and mastery of surrounding
world
■ 35-45- Examining life goals and relationships

○ More attention devoted to occupational/ social pursuits

■ May benefit from career counseling/ testing
■ Trend is more women working while pregnant, men more aware of
parental responsibilities
 Developmental Theories of
the Young Adult

● Erikson- 8 stages of life

○ Intimacy vs isolation
● Havighurst- Developmental tasks arise at each age
from
predictable internal/external pressures
○ Pressures-
○ Tasks-
 Developmental Theories of
the Young Adult

● Developmental Themes w/in adult development

● 1st Theme (age 20)- “I have to get away from my
parents”

● 2nd Theme (30’s)- “Is what I am the only way

● for me to be?”

● 3rd Theme (late 30’s)- “Have I done the right

● thing? Is there time to change?”
HISTORICAL PATTERNS OF
SOCIAL
ROLES AND ACTIVITIES
 Changes and
roles
The important psychological development experienced by
young adults has not changed dramatically across generations,
but their social functioning has

Two basic concepts—the timing and the sequencing of role

acquisition— capture how the transition to these adult roles is
taking more time and becoming more unpredictable
 Changes and
roles
First, the timing of role acquisition in young adulthood is changing.
In the long view, today's young adults are taking less time to undergo
these role transitions relative to young adults in the distant past.

Relative to more recent cohorts, however, they are taking more time.
The timing of role acquisition is affected by, among other things,
economic development and state investments that impose various
signifiers of life transitions, such as legal rules on when youth are
granted various privileges and allowed to enter certain statuses or,
alternatively, when they age out of services or other protection s
 Changes and
●
roles
Second, the sequencing of role acquisition (i.e., the
order in which various roles are assumed) also is
changing. Configurations of young adult statuses may
change across cohorts. Recently, more diverse
combinations of statuses have led to a “disordering”
of the transition into adulthood,
 Family
●
Roles
For many young adults, a major event is leaving the parental home
to reside independently or with others of the same age

● young adults are taking more years to partner and become parents
than they did in the past, especially compared with the last half of
the 20th century.

● The transition from student to worker is a defining feature of

young adulthood, given that Americans widely view financial
independence from parents as a marker of becoming an adult.
 Key
● 1
Features
. Young adulthood is a critical developmental period

● Like childhood and adolescence, young adulthood is a

developmentally distinct period of the life course that can
sensibly be viewed as a critical window of development with
a strong effect on long-term trajectories.
● It is a time when individuals face significant challenges and
are expected to assume new responsibilities and
obligations. Success or failure in navigating these paths
can set young adults on a course that will strongly affect
the future trajectories of their adult lives
● 2. The world has changed in ways that place greater
demands on young adults

● Today's young adults live in a more global and

networked world, marked by increased knowledge
and information transfer, heightened risks, fairly low
social mobility, and greater inequality. Economic
restructuring, advances in information and
communication technologies, and changes in the
labor market have radically altered the landscape of
risk and opportunity in young adulthood.
● 3. Young adults today follow less predictable pathways compared
with young adults in previous generations

● Well-compensated entry-level jobs are becoming more difficult to

find, even for young college graduates,
● Partnership and parenting patterns have shifted substantially.
Many educated young adults live together for many years before
marrying and having children, while many less-educated young
adults have children outside of marriage before gaining the skills
and income to support them
● The high cost of living independently has encouraged many young
adults to move back into their parents' home, a pattern well
documented among the “millennial” generation.
● 4. Young adults are at the forefront of social change

● People in this age group tend to be highly interested in the

broader world, their place in it, and how they can and do
make a difference
● 5. Young adults are surprisingly unhealthy
● Young adulthood is a critical period for protecting health,
not just during the transitional years but over the life
course. Despite some positives, however, the dominant
pattern among young adults today is declining health, seen
most clearly in health behaviors and related health statuses

Reasons
How about
you?
Thank
s