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Chapter 16 - Reproduction

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14 views

Chapter 16 - Reproduction

Uploaded by

magesri123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPRODUCTION

IGCSE
VELAMMAL
GLOBAL
SCHOOL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 DEFINITION
 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 PLANTS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Definition:

A process by which a single organism


produces offspring genetically identical to
itself.

Examples:
 Bacteria: Binary fission.

 Plants: Vegetative propagation

(e.g., runners in strawberries).


ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Advantages:
Rapid reproduction,
no need for a mate.
Disadvantages:
Lack of genetic variation.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

 Definition:

The fusion of male and female gametes

resulting in offspring with genetic material

from both parents


Ex. Animals:
Humans, fish, birds.
Plants: Flowering plants
(e.g., pollination in angiosperms).
Advantages:

Genetic variation, which can lead


to better adaptation and survival.

Disadvantages:

Slower process, requires two


parents.
HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
 Epididymis: Stores sperm.
 Vas Deferens: Transports sperm from the
epididymis to the urethra.
 Seminal Vesicles and Prostate Gland:
Add fluids to sperm to create semen.
 Penis: Delivers sperm into the female
reproductive system.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) and


hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
 Fallopian Tubes: Transport eggs from the
ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization
 Uterus: Where a fertilized egg implants
and develops into a fetus.
 Vagina: Birth canal and the site where
sperm are deposited.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
PHASES
 MENSTRUAL PHASE: Shedding of the
uterine lining (days 1-5).
 FOLLICULAR PHASE: Development of
follicles in the ovaries (days 6-14).
 OVULATION: Release of an egg from
the ovary (around day 14).
 LUTEAL PHASE: Formation of the
corpus luteum and preparation of the
uterus for possible pregnancy (days
15-28).
FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

 Fertilization: The union of sperm and egg,


usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
 Zygote: The fertilized egg, which
undergoes cell division to become an
embryo.
 Implantation: The embryo embeds into
the uterine wall.
 Development: The embryo develops into
a fetus over approximately nine months.
PLANT REPRODUCTION

 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS
 Runners: Horizontal stems that
grow above ground (e.g.,
strawberries).
 Tubers: Underground storage
organs that can grow into new
plants (e.g., potatoes).
 Bulbs: Short stems with fleshy
leaves that store food (e.g.,
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS

 Flowers: Contain
reproductive organs.
o Stamen: Male part,
consisting of anthers
(produce pollen) and
filaments.
o Carpel (Pistil): Female
part, consisting of
stigma, style, and ovary
(contains ovules).
Pollination:
Transfer of pollen from anther to
stigma.

Fertilization:
Fusion of male gamete (pollen)
with female gamete (ovule) to
form a seed.
GERMINATION

 Conditions Needed:
Water, oxygen, and
appropriate temperature.
 Process:

Seed absorbs water, swells,


and breaks open. The
embryo uses stored food to
grow and eventually sprouts
a shoot and roots.
THANK
YOU

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