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Flowchart and Pseudocode-2 and 3

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10 views

Flowchart and Pseudocode-2 and 3

Uploaded by

tushar033531
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flowchart and

Pseudocode
Steps in Problem Solving
 First produce a general algorithm (one can use
pseudocode)
 Refine the algorithm successively to get step by
step detailed algorithm that is very close to a
computer language.
 Pseudocode is an artificial and informal
language that helps programmers develop
algorithms. Pseudocode is very similar to
everyday English.
Pseudocode & Algorithm
 Example 1: Write an algorithm to
determine a student’s final grade and
indicate whether it is passing or failing.
The final grade is calculated as the
average of four marks.
Pseudocode & Algorithm
Pseudocode:
 Input a set of 4 marks
 Calculate their average by summing and dividing
by 4
 if average is below 50

Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
Pseudocode & Algorithm
 Detailed Algorithm
 Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4
Step 2: GRADE  (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Step 3: if (GRADE < 50) then
Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
endif
The Flowchart
 (Dictionary) A schematic representation of a sequence of
operations, as in a manufacturing process or computer
program.
 (Technical) A graphical representation of the sequence
of operations in an information system or program.
 Information system flowcharts show how data flows from source
documents through the computer to final distribution to users.
 Program flowcharts show the sequence of instructions in a
single program or subroutine. Different symbols are used to
draw each type of flowchart.
The Flowchart
A Flowchart
 shows logic of an algorithm
 emphasizes individual steps and their
interconnections
 e.g. control flow from one action to the next
Flowchart Symbols
Basic
Name Symbol Use in Flowchart

Oval Denotes the beginning or end of the program

Parallelogram Denotes an input operation

Rectangle Denotes a process to be carried out


e.g. addition, subtraction, division etc.

Diamond Denotes a decision (or branch) to be made.


The program should continue along one of
two routes. (e.g. IF/THEN/ELSE)

Hybrid Denotes an output operation

Flow line Denotes the direction of logic flow in the program


Example
START
Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4
Step 2: GRADE  (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Input
M1,M2,M3,M4
Step 3: if (GRADE <50) then
Print “FAIL”
else
GRADE(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4 Print “PASS”
endif
N Y
IS
GRADE<50

PRINT PRINT
“PASS” “FAIL”

STOP
Example 2
 Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
convert the length in feet to centimeter.
Pseudocode:
 Input the length in feet (Lft)
 Calculate the length in cm (Lcm) by
multiplying LFT with 30
 Print length in cm (LCM)
Example 2
Flowchart
Algorithm START

 Step 1: Input Lft


Input

 Step 2: Lcm  Lft x 30


Lft

 Step 3: Print Lcm Lcm  Lft x 30

Print
Lcm

STOP
Example 3
Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that
will read the two sides of a rectangle and
calculate its area.
Pseudocode
 Input the width (W) and Length (L) of a rectangle
 Calculate the area (A) by multiplying L with W
 Print A
Example 3
Algorithm START

 Step 1: Input W,L Input


W, L
 Step 2: AL x W
 Step 3: Print A ALxW

Print
A

STOP
Flowchart Symbols
Terminal symbol - indicates the beginning and
end points of an algorithm.

Process symbol - shows an instruction other than


input, output or selection.

Input-output symbol - shows an input or an output


operation.

Disk storage I/O symbol - indicates input from or output to


disk storage.

Printer output symbol - shows hardcopy printer


output.
Flowchart Symbols cont…
Selection symbol - shows a selection process
for two-way selection.

Off-page connector - provides continuation of a


logical path on another page.

On-page connector - provides continuation


of logical path at another point in the same
page.

Flow lines - indicate the logical sequence of


execution steps in the algorithm.
Exercises: Algorithm &
Flowchart
1.) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that
will accept/read two numbers and then
display the bigger number.
Exercises: Algorithm &
Flowchart
2.) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that
will compute the area of a circle.
Exercises: Algorithm &
Flowchart
3.) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that
will compute the sum of two numbers. If
the sum is below or equal to twenty, two
numbers will be entered again. If the sum
is above 20, it will display the sum.
Lab Activity: Algorithm &
Flowchart
4) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that
will output the largest number among the
three numbers.
Assignment 1
1. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will output for g.c.d.
2. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will output the factorial of a
given number.
3. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will output the Fibonacci
series up to a given number.
4. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will output all the prime
numbers between 2 numbers.

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