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5 views

2 - Diode

Uploaded by

tahmidurjahan24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electronics

Book Reference
Principle of Electronics
- V. K. Mehta
DIODE
Diode Symbol
A pn junction is known as a semiconductor diode or crystal diode.
Crystal Diode as a Rectifier

Half-Wave Rectifier

&

Full-Wave Rectifier
Half-Wave Rectifier
Concept of AC & DC
-+
-+
Efficiency of a half wave rectifier

𝑑 .𝑐 .𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ,𝜂 =
𝑎 . 𝑐 .𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐼 2❑𝑑𝑐 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑎𝑐 ×(𝑟 𝑓 + 𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
𝐼 2❑𝑎𝑣 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑟𝑚𝑠 ×(𝑟 𝑓 +𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
Efficiency of a half wave rectifier
Efficiency of a half wave rectifier

𝐼 2❑𝑑𝑐 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑎𝑐 ×(𝑟 𝑓 + 𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
𝐼 2❑𝑎𝑣 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑟𝑚𝑠 ×(𝑟 𝑓 +𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
Center-tap full-wave rectifier
Full-wave bridge rectifier
Full-wave bridge rectifier

Figure: Circuit diagram of full wave bridge rectifier along with input & output waveform.
Efficiency of a full wave rectifier

𝑑 .𝑐 .𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ,𝜂 =
𝑎 . 𝑐 .𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐼 2❑𝑑𝑐 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑎𝑐 ×(𝑟 𝑓 + 𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
𝐼 2❑𝑎𝑣 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑟𝑚𝑠 ×(𝑟 𝑓 +𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
Efficiency of a full wave rectifier
𝑑 .𝑐 .𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ,𝜂 =
𝑎 . 𝑐 .𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐼 2❑𝑑𝑐 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑎𝑐 ×(𝑟 𝑓 + 𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿
𝐼 2❑𝑎𝑣 × 𝑅 𝐿
¿ ❑
𝐼 2𝑟𝑚𝑠 ×(𝑟 𝑓 +𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝐿)¿

= 81.2 %
Filter Circuits
Voltage stabilization using Zener diode

Rectifier Diode Characteristics Curve Zener Diode Characteristics Curve


Voltage stabilization using zener diode
Different types of Diode
• p-n junction rectifier diode
• Zener diode
• Light Emitting Diode (LED)
• Photo Diode
• Tunnel Diode
• Varactor Diode
• Shockley Diode
LED
Photo Diode
----- End ----
Sample questions on Diode
• What is a semi-conductor diode?
• Suppose an electronic device requires only positive half cycles of a complete cycle in input to
run. Design a rectifier to get the required voltage waveform and calculate its efficiency.
• With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of a half wave rectifier.
• Derive an expression for the efficiency of a half wave rectifier.
• With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of a full wave bridge rectifier.
• Derive an expression of efficiency of a full wave rectifier.
• Why do we use transformer in rectifier circuit?
• What is the importance of peak inverse voltage for pn junction diode?

• Zener Diode:
• Draw the V-I characteristics curve of P-N junction rectifier diode and Zener diode. What is
the major difference you observe?
• Explain how Zener diode acts as a voltage stabilizer?
Sample questions on Diode (Problems)
• The applied input ac power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watts. The dc output power
obtained is 40 watts. What is the rectification efficiency? What happens to remaining 60
watts?
• A half wave rectifier is used to supply 100 V d.c. to a resistive load of 700 Ω. The diode has a
resistance of 200 Ω. Calculate, i) a.c. voltage required ii) efficiency of rectification.
• The applied input ac power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watts. The dc output power
obtained is 40 watts. What is the rectification efficiency?
Sample questions on Diode (Problems)
• The applied input ac power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watts. The dc output power
obtained is 40 watts. What is the rectification efficiency?
• A half wave rectifier is used to supply 100V d.c. to a resistive load of 700Ω. The diode has a
resistance of 200Ω. Calculate, i) a.c voltage required ii) efficiency of rectification
• The applied input ac power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watts. The dc output power
obtained is 40 watts. 1) What is the rectification efficiency. 2)What happens to remaining 60
watts.
• The applied input ac power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watts. The dc output power
obtained is 40 watts. What is the rectification efficiency?

• In the bridge type circuit shown in Fig., the diodes are assumed to be ideal. Find, D.C. output
voltage, Peak inverse voltage, Output frequency. Here, XXX = Last three digits of your ID & XX
= Last two digits of your ID].
• The four diodes used in a bridge rectifier circuit have forward resistances which may be
considered constant at 1Ω and infinite reverse resistance. The alternating supply voltage is
240 V r.m.s. and load resistance is 480 Ω. Calculate mean load current and power dissipated
in each diode.
• Find the voltage VA in the following circuit. The forward resistance of the diode 10 ohms.
• For the circuit shown in figure, find (i) the output voltage (ii) the voltage drop across series
resistance (iii) the current through Zener diode.

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