IoT Applications and

Architecture
- A Transformative Force in Real-World Scenarios
-
 AGENDA
• Introduction to IoT

• Real-World IoT Applications

• IoT Development
Components

• Before & After Scenarios

• Evaluation of IoT
Implementation
Introduction of
IoT
IoT, evolving from a vision in 1999 to a
tangible reality, extends the internet to
everyday objects via sensors. It thrives on
interoperability, automation, and data
analysis, revolutionizing various industries.
Examples of IOT
usuages
Home Automation, Wearable Health Tech,
Connected Vehicles, Urban IoT Solutions, Industrial
Connectivity, Healthcare Monitoring, Retail
Optimization, Precision Farming, Supply Chain
Tracking and Environmental Monitoring.
 Examples of IoT
- Smart Home Automation : Controlling lights, thermostats, security cameras,
Usages
and appliances remotely using smartphones or voice commands.
- Wearable devices : Fitness trackers and smartwatches that monitor physical
activities, heart rate, and sleep patterns.
- Connected cars : IoT in vehicles enables GPS navigation, real-time diagnostics,
and connectivity for entertainment systems.
- Smart Cities : IoT applications for traffic management, waste management,
energy efficiency, and public safety in urban areas.
- Industrial internet : IoT in industries for predictive maintenance, monitoring
machinery, and optimizing manufacturing processes.
- Healthcare IoT : Remote patient monitoring, smart medical devices, and
health tracking applications for improved healthcare services.

- Smart Retail : IoT for inventory management, smart shelves, and personalized shopping experiences for customers.
- Precision Agriculture : IoT sensors in agriculture for monitoring soil quality, crop health, and optimizing irrigation and
fertilization.
- Logistics and Supply Chain Management : Tracking goods in real-time during transportation, ensuring supply chain
visibility and efficiency.
- Environmental Monitoring : Using IoT devices to monitor and collect data on environmental factors such as air and
 Advantages and disadvantages of IoT Devices

Advantages Disadvantages

Automation and Efficiency Security Vulnerabilities

Real-time Monitoring and Data Collection Privacy Concerns

Cost Savings Compatibility Issues

Improved Decision-Making Maintenance and Updates

Enhanced Safety and Security Reliability and Connectivity

Examples of IoT
Applications
Education
Smart Transportation
Smart Home
Automation
IoT Application -
Education

IoT Functionalities

 Sensors and Data Collection:

Application: Monitoring Classroom
Environment

 Remote Monitoring and Control:

Application: Campus Security

 Automation and Smart Decision Making:

Application: Classroom Energy
Efficiency
IoT Application – Smart
Transportation

IoT Functionalities

 Sensors and Data Collection:

Application: Smart Traffic Management

 Remote Monitoring and Control:

Application: Traffic Surveillance and
Control

 Automation and Smart Decision Making:

Application: Public Transit Scheduling
and Routing
IoT Application – Smart Home
Automation

IoT Functionalities

 Security and Identity Management:

Application: Access Control

 Sensors and data collection:

Application: Home Security

 Connectivity:
Application: Smart Lighting
 IoT Development Components

Architecture Frameworks and platforms

Client Server  AWS IoT

Architecture
 Azure IoT
 Google Cloud IoT

Edge Computing

 Arduino
 Raspberry Pi
 BeagleBone
Fog Computing
 IoT Development Components

Tools Hardware Security APIs

Integrated Microcontrollers: Authentication and RESTful APIs:
Development  Devices like Arduino, Authorization:  Widely used for device-
Raspberry Pi, and  Protocols like OAuth and server communication due
Environments (IDEs):
ESP8266/ESP32 provide JWT control access, to simplicity and
 Arduino IDE
computing power for IoT ensuring secure device scalability.
 PlatformIO
devices. interaction.
Eclipse IoT facilitate writing, MQTT (Message
compiling and deploying IoT Encryption: Queuing Telemetry
Sensors and
applications  SSL/TLS protocols secure Transport):
Device Management Actuators:  Lightweight messaging
data transmission,
Tools:  Collect data and enable safeguarding against protocol ideal for small
 Enable remote actions (e.g., unauthorized access. sensors and mobile
management of IoT temperature sensing, devices, optimized for
devices, ensuring motion detection). Device Identity high-latency or unreliable
security, Updates and
Management: networks.
Connectivity  Assign unique IDs and
health monitoring. Modules:
certificates, ensuring CoAP (Constrained
 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee,
secure device Application Protocol):
LoRa, and cellular  Designed for IoT devices
communication.
modules enable device
 IoT components in real world applications(Education)

Client-Server Architecture: Student devices communicate with a central

server for online learning platforms, accessing resources and submitting
assignments.

IoT Platforms: Schools use IoT platforms for attendance tracking, monitoring
classroom temperatures, and controlling smart boards.

IDEs: Teachers can use programming platforms (like Scratch) to teach coding
to students using IoT devices.

Microcontrollers: Raspberry Pi can be used in educational projects, teaching

programming and hardware interaction.

Data Encryption: Safeguard data with SSL/TLS to ensure secure

communication.

Strong Authentication: Verify user identities for access control.

Access Control: Restrict access to educational resources and sensitive data.
RESTful APIs: Used for integrating school databases with online platforms,
IoT components in real world applications(Smart Home Automation)

Client-Server Architecture: Smart devices (thermostats, lights) communicate

with a central server or cloud for remote control.
Open Source Frameworks: Raspberry Pi with open-source software
IoT Platforms: Google Home and Amazon Alexa

IDEs: Developers use IDEs for coding custom automation scripts for smart home
devices.
Microcontrollers: Arduino and ESP8266/ESP32 are used for DIY smart home
projects, controlling lights, temperature, and security systems.
Sensors and Actuators: Motion sensors, smart plugs, and smart locks provide
automation triggers.
Data Encryption: Encrypt communications for data privacy.
Authentication and Access Control: Secure user access to smart devices.
Secure Coding Practices: Educate users on secure coding practices to prevent
vulnerabilities.
RESTful APIs , MQTT
 IoT components in real world applications(Smart Transportation)

Edge Computing: Onboard sensors in vehicles process data for real-time

decisions, reducing reliance on central servers.

IoT Platforms: Public transportation systems use IoT platforms to optimize

routes, monitor vehicle health, and manage traffic.

Data Encryption: Protect onboard sensor data with encryption.

Authentication and Authorization: Authorize access to vehicle data.
Tamper-Resistance: Ensure sensors are tamper-resistant to prevent
unauthorized access.
MQTT/CoAP , RESTful APIs
IDEs: Developers use IDEs for coding vehicle tracking systems and traffic
management applications.
Sensors and Actuators: Vehicle sensors detect road conditions, traffic density,
and control automated systems (e.g., automatic braking).
Connectivity Modules: GPS modules provide real-time location data for
navigation and route optimization.
Common IoT sensors used in real world

Temperature Humidity Light Sensors Motion Sensor Pressure Sensor

Sensor Sensor

Gas Sensor Ultrasonic Smoke & Gas Infrared Sensor Sound Sensor
Sensor Detector

GPS Sensor Soil Moisture Water Quality RFID Sensor

Sensor Sensor
Advantages and Disadvantages of each IoT
components

Architect Framewor Tools

ure k

Hardware Security APIs

 Implementation of IoT in Real
World
Education Sector

Before
Implementation
 Traditional learning
 Manual Processes
 Limited Interaction

After
Implementation
 Smart learning
 Automated
Operations
 Remote Learning
 Implementation of IoT in Real
World
Smart Transportation Sector

Before
Implementation
 Static Traffic Control
 Limited Vehicle Data
 Manual Route
Planning

After
Implementation
 Dynamic Traffic
Control
 Vehicle Monitoring
 Smart Navigation
 Implementation of IoT in Real
World
Smart Home Automation Sector

Before
Implementation
 Manual Home Control
 Inefficient Energy Use
 Basic Security

After
Implementation
 Automated Home
Control
 Energy Efficiency
 Enhanced Security
Evaluation of Architecture in real (Smart Cities)
world

IoT Architecture: A combination of Edge and Fog

Computing.

Usage in Software Design: IoT devices, such as sensors

and cameras, are deployed throughout smart cities. Edge
computing processes data at the device level for real-time
actions, like traffic management and security alerts. Fog
computing aggregates data for broader analytics and
urban planning. Software applications facilitate data
management, analysis, and real-time decision-making,
contributing to safer, more efficient cities.
Evaluation of Architecture in real (Industrial IoT)
world

IoT Architecture: Edge Computing and Mesh Topology.

Usage in Software Design: IIoT leverages edge computing

for real-time data processing in industrial machinery.
Mesh topology creates resilient, direct communication
networks among machines. Software applications
monitor, control, and optimize industrial processes,
focusing on real-time data analysis and predictive
maintenance to enhance productivity.
Evaluation of Architecture in real (Precision Architecture)
world

IoT Architecture: Edge Computing and Star Topology.

Usage in Software Design: Precision agriculture employs

sensors for real-time decision-making in farming. Edge
computing processes data at the sensor level, ensuring
timely actions for irrigation, fertilization, and pest control.
Star topology facilitates communication between sensors
and a central control system. Software applications
manage devices, optimize crop yields, and efficiently
allocate resources.
Evaluation of Architecture in real (Healthcare and wearables)
world

IoT Architecture: Client-Server Architecture.

Usage in Software Design: Wearables and sensors collect

health data for patients. Central servers (cloud) process,
store, and make data available to healthcare
professionals, ensuring data security and compliance.
Software applications enable remote patient monitoring,
data analysis, and insights for healthcare providers.
Evaluation of Architecture in real (Smart Homes)
world

IoT Architecture: Hub-and-Spoke Topology (Hub as a

central server).

Usage in Software Design: Smart homes use a central hub

to control various smart devices. This hub communicates
with sensors, lights, thermostats, and appliances.
Software applications provide user-friendly interfaces for
remote control and automation, enhancing convenience.
Evaluation of Architecture in real (Education)
world

IoT Architecture: Client-Server and Edge Computing

(Hybrid).

Usage in Software Design: IoT in education creates smart

classrooms and online learning platforms. Client-server
architecture supports centralized control, resource
management, and attendance tracking. Edge computing
enables real-time interactions and automated attendance
tracking. Software applications provide interactive
learning experiences, attendance automation, and remote
learning access.
References

 https://
elearningindustry.com/top-things-you-should-know-about-iot-in-the-education-industry

 https://www.helpwire.app/blog/iot-smart-home /

 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3880

 https://www.zipitwireless.com/blog/what-are-iot-sensors-types-uses-and-examples

 https://www.ibm.com/topics/internet-of-things

 https://www.deviceauthority.com/blog/unpacking-iot-architecture-layers-and-components-
explained
/

 https://www.pixelcrayons.com/blog/what-are-pros-and-cons-of-internet-of-things /