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Lesson 10 - Memory Systems

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Lesson 10 - Memory Systems

Uploaded by

Balrof
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEMORY SYSTEMS

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Uran


Kurtgöz

Izmir Democracy University Faculty of Medicine

Department of Child and Adolescent


Psychiatry
Memory; It is a complex of systems that
include recording, processing, storing and
recalling an event or experience when
necessary. It has 3 stages; Encoding,
storing and recalling-remembering
information when needed.
What would happen if humans didn't
have memory?
• Human being could not hide his/ her
behaviors and opinions that he/ she had
learned from a certain experience, and
he/ she had to learn every time.
Memory is discussed in 2 basic dimensions.

1- Duration of stored information

a) Sensory memory

b) short-term memory

c) long-term memory

2- The nature of the information stored


• A memory distinction is made
depending on whether the coding and
recall processes are conscious or
unconscious.
SENSORY MEMORY
Sensory memory is the capacity to retain a
large number of information that we
encounter in daily life for a very short
period of time. It is divided into three.

Iconic (visual): duration 100-400


milliseconds

Echoic (auditory): duration 1-2 seconds

Haptic (tactile)
• Information that is not transferred from
sensory memory to short-term memory
and then to long-term memory is lost.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
Short-term memory is the ability to retain a limited number of pieces of information for a short period of
time.

Short-term memory takes both sensory information from sensory memory and data previously contained in
long-term memory, processes it, and transfers it back to long-term memory.

This memory serves as a short-term store; It mediates the extraction of new inferences from pre-existing
information in memory.

In relation to basic cognitive functions such as learning, comprehension, reasoning, it ensures that new
information is not only temporarily retained, but also transformed to be compatible with the targeted
information.
• For this reason, short-term memory often does not only act as a passive storage but forms part of working
memory.
• Working memory; Language is the basic component of higher cognitive functions such as problem solving
and reasoning.
LONG-TERM MEMORY

It can be expressed as an unlimited E X P L I C I T ( D E C L A R AT I V E )


M E M O RY
store where information is kept for
a long time or even for the whole • Explicit (declarative) memory; It
life. refers to the conscious retrieval of
information.There are two types,
There are two types of long-term
episodic and semantics. Episodic
memory.
memory: stores personal
1- Explicit (declarative) memory experiences. It performs the skill
• 2- Implicit (non-declarative) of learning, storing, consolidating
memory and retrieving information from
one's daily life.
• Episodic memory contains details of daily • General culture, rules, concepts,
life events, as well as information about generalizations are in this memory.
place and time.
• Episodic memory stores past holiday
• Semantic memory: Stores information memories. Semantic memory is; It
about facts. Semantic memory is the part stores learned vocabulary information.
of long-term memory in which meanings,
For example, episodic memory stores
understandings, and other concept-based
the details of the holiday, while
information are processed. It contains
semantic memory stores information
general knowledge about the world and
conscious recollections of factual about the name of the place where the
information. holiday was made.
2 - I M P L I C I T M E M O RY I M P L I C I T M E M O RY
Implicit Memory; It encompasses all • Pre-Application Effect: We learn some
unconscious memory, including skills and information without noticing it alongside
habits. others. When we drive in the car, we learn
the lyrics of the music we listen to without
Implicit memory is a term used for the realizing it.
automatic and unconscious recall of past • Classical Conditioning: we store it in the
events. implicit part of long-term memory.
• It is a type of memory that describes • Skills and Habits: Skills that are initially
experiences that the person does not learned intentionally are later automated
acquire intentionally and consciously and and stored in implicit memory. Walking,
actually remembers without realizing it. swimming, cycling, etc.
The temporary or permanent loss of the power to remember or recognize
anything that has already been learned is called forgetting.
CAUSES:
1-Not using what has been learned
2-Newly learned things can make you forget what has been learned before.
Or what has been learned before can make you forget what has just been
learned.
3-Organic causes: Cell loss in the brain and brain damage.
4-Suppression (push to the subconscious)

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