DOÑA REMEDIOS TRINIDAD ROMUALDEZ EDUCATIONAL

FOUNDATION INC.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
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1ST SEMESTER S.Y. 2024-2025

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0 MATHEMATICAL
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TRICKS
Mathematics in the Modern World
Lei Veronica Mae Diaz BSN-1B

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Round up or down to 0, add
the rest
When multiplying numbers, you can make calculations
easier by rounding one number to the nearest multiple
of 10 (either up or down), multiplying, and then adding
or subtracting the difference.
Round up or down to 0, add
the rest
Example:
(29 × 80)
• Round 29 up to 30 (which is easier to multiply by).
• Multiply 30 × 80 = 2400.
• Subtract the excess. Since you rounded up by 1,
subtract 1 × 80 = 80.
• 2400 - 80 = 2320.
 Using factors to multiply
numbers
This technique leverages breaking a number into factors to
make multiplication easier.
Example:
(12 times 60)
• Break down ( 12 ) as (4 times 3).
• Then, perform the multiplications sequentially: first (4
times 60 = 240), then (240 times 3 = 720).
This step-by-step approach simplifies complex
multiplications by splitting the problem into smaller tasks.
 Separate and multiply to
simplify
Here, you decompose one of the numbers based on
place value.
Example:
(24 times 13)
• Break ( 13 ) into ( 10 + 3 ).
• Multiply ( 24 times 10 = 240 ) and ( 24 times 3 =
72 ).
• Add these results: ( 240 + 72 = 312 ).

This method makes it easier to multiply by splitting the

problem into smaller tasks.
When you’re multiplying a number by 11, then you
can separate that number and add their sum in the
When multiplying by 11,middle
you can insert the sum of the
digits of the number in the middle.
Example:
(33 times 11)
• Write (33) as two digits, (3) and (3).
• Add these digits together: (3+3 = 6), placing (6)
between the original digits.
• The result becomes (363).
This trick quickly calculates multiplications by 11 without
using traditional methods.
 If you are multiplying two-digit numbers with the unit
digit 9, then you can quickly round off the number
and subtract it from itself
Round one of the numbers up to the nearest ten and adjust.

Example:
(49 times 64)
• Round (49) up to (50), making the problem (50 times 64=
3200).
• Subtract the extra multiplication: (3200-64 = 3136).

This method reduces the problem to simpler, more

manageable steps.
The cross-multiplication system for
3 digits
For larger numbers, break them down digit by digit using
cross-multiplication.

Example:
• Multiply three-digit numbers (ABC times DEF)
• Break down the calculation into smaller parts: (C times
F), then (B times F + C times E), continuing with other
combinations.

This approach allows step-by-step calculation for large

numbers.
 Rounding off to 100 and adjusting
from there
Use rounding to the nearest hundred to simplify the
multiplication.

Example:
(998 times 992)
• Round both numbers to 1000 (1000 - 2) times (1000 -
8 ).
• Calculate 1000 times 1000 = 1000000, then subtract
(2 times 8 = 16), resulting in (999984).
• Finally, adjust for the differences (1000000-9984 =
990016)
Separating the multiplication by
numbers
Break down the multiplication by separating the
numbers based on place value.

Example:
(802 times 102)
• Split (102) into (100 + 2).
• Multiply separately (802 times 100= 80200) and
(802 times 2 = 1604).
• Add these results togethe ( 80200 + 1604 = 81804).
Multiplication by breaking down
numbers
Use factorization to break down numbers for easier
calculations.

Example:
(22 times 15)
• Break (22) into (11 times 2).
• Calculate 2 times 15= 30), then multiply the result by
(11)
(30 times 11= 330).
This step-by-step multiplication is easier than doing it all
at once.
 Multiply a multiple digit
number by 5
To multiply a number by 5, halve it and then multiply by
10.

Example:
(222 times 5)
• Half of (222) is (111).
• Multiply (111 times 10 = 1110), giving the final
result.

This trick simplifies multiplication by 5 through division

and basic multiplication.
 Making a decimal out of a repeating
fraction
To convert a repeating decimal into a fraction:

Example:

For (0.636363...), the repeating part is (63).

• Write the repeating part as a whole number ( 63 ).
• Determine the number of repeating digits (2 in this case).
• Divide by a number consisting of the same number of 9s
(63/99).
• Simplify the fraction (63/99 = 7/11).
 Squaring a two-digit number
ending with 1
When squaring a number that ends in 1, use the formula
( (n+1)^2 = n^2 + 2n + 1 ).

Example:
( 21^2 )
• Break it down as ((20 + 1)^2 = 20^2 + 2(20)(1) +
1^2 ).
• Calculate each term (400 + 40 + 1 = 441).

This method simplifies the squaring process.

 Squaring a two-digit number
ending with 5
For numbers ending in 5, square the tens digit, multiply
by the next integer, and append 25.

Example:
(35^2)
• Square the tens digit (3), and multiply by the next
integer (3 times 4 = 12).
• Append (25) ( 1225 ).
This approach works for any two-digit number ending
in 5.
Multiply numbers that end
in zero
When both numbers end in zero, multiply the non-zero
parts and add the total number of zeros.

Example:
(40 times 60)
• Multiply (4 times 6 = 24).
• Since there are two zeros in total, append them to
the result (2400).
Tricks to multiply by 2 and
4
For quick multiplication, use doubling.

Example:
(7 times 4)
• Double (7) to get (14), then double again (14 times 2
= 28).

This method uses repeated addition for faster results.

 Multiplying by 5
To multiply a number by 5, halve the number and
multiply by 10.

Example:
(8 times 5)
• Half of (8) is (4).
• Multiply by (10) (4 times 10 = 40).

This simplifies the multiplication by reducing it to

simpler operations.
 Easier way to find
percentage
Find percentages by using fractions or simplified
calculations.

Example:

To find (25%) of (80):

• (25%) is the same as (1/4).
• Divide (80) by (4): (80/4 = 20).

.
 Subtraction trick
For subtracting numbers near a round figure, subtract
and adjust.

Example:
(1000 - 273)
• Round (273) up to (300), making it (1000 - 300 =
700).
• Add back the (27) difference: (700 + 27 = 727).
 Age calculation trick
Quickly find your age by subtracting your birth year from
the current year.

Example:

If the current year is 2024 and you were born in 1990,

subtract: (2024 - 1990 = 34).
 9091
When multiplying a large number by 9091, you can
replicate the number.

Example:
(123456 times 9091)
• The result is (123456123456), formed by repeating
the original number.
• This trick works because (9091 approx 10001/11 ),
simplifying multiplication.
 Addition using only your
fingers
This method involves using your fingers to help keep track
of numbers while counting.

Example:
Suppose you want to add (8 + 6).
• Start at (8) and count up by ones using your fingers (9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14).
• You’ll use six fingers to reach (14), which is the sum of
(8+6).
This technique is especially useful for younger learners or
when adding smaller numbers quickly.
 Single digit number
For single-digit multiplication, break it down into simpler
or more familiar products.

Example:
(9 times 7 = 63)
• Break down (9) as (10 - 1), making it (10 x 7) - (1 x
7).
• Calculate ( 70 - 7 = 63 ).
This trick simplifies multiplication by transforming it into
easier subtraction.re of powers of 2 to simplify
calculations.
 Phone number trick
This involves performing mental math operations on
your phone number for checks or patterns.

Example:
Take a phone number like (123456).
• Multiply it by (2), then by (5): (123456 x 2 =
246912); then ( 246912 x 5 = 1234560).
This trick can be used for fun mental math exercises or
to detect patterns.
 2’s trick
Use the properties of powers of 2 for multiplication.

Example:
(8 times 16) can be represented as (2^3 times 2^4 =
2^7).
• ( 2^7 ) equals ( 128 ), which is the result of the
multiplication.

This method leverages the binary nature of powers of 2

to simplify calculations.
 Same 3 digit number
Multiplying numbers composed of the same digit has a
specific pattern.

Example:
(111 times 111)
• The result follows the pattern (12321), which can be
derived as follows: ((1 times 1), (1 + 1), (1 x 1 + 1 x 1),
(1 + 1), (1 x 1)), or simply by squaring (111).
Recognizing such patterns can help solve problems
quickly.
 Squaring two-digit number
ending with 5
The process is the same as previously discussed for
numbers ending in 5.

Example:
( 75^2 )
• Take the tens digit, ( 7 ), and multiply by ( 7 + 1 =
8 ): ( 7 times 8 = 56 ).
• Append ( 25 ) to get ( 5625 ).
This trick works for any two-digit number ending in 5.
 Missing digit trick
Solve equations by finding the number that completes
the sum.

Example:
( 4 + _ = 9 ).
• Subtract (4) from (9) to find the missing number: (9 -
4 = 5).

This technique is useful for basic arithmetic problems

and puzzle-solving.
 Multiplication involving 9
When multiplying by 9, consider multiplying by 10 and
then subtracting the original number.

Example:
(9 times 6)
• Multiply by ( 10 ): ( 10 times 6 = 60 ).
• Subtract ( 6 ): ( 60 - 6 = 54 ).

This method is quicker than traditional multiplication.

 Multiplication with the
power
Multiplying by powers ofbe2seen as repeated
of 2 can
doubling.

Example:
(32 times 4)
• (32) is (2^5), and (4) is (2^2), so multiply them as
(2^5 x 2^2 = 2^7).
• ( 2^7 = 128 ).
This trick uses exponents to simplify multiplication with
powers of 2.
 Using binary and bisect
Split trick
problems using a divide-and-conquer approach, like
binary search.

Example:
If you need to find a number in a sorted list, repeatedly
divide the list in half to narrow the search range.
• Start in the middle of the list and determine whether to
search the left or right half based on the value you're
looking for.
This method is used in computer science for efficient
searching algorithms.
 LCM division method
To find the least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers,
identify the highest multiples common to both.

Example:
Find ( LCM(4, 5) ).
• List the multiples: (4, 8, 12, 16, 20) for 4, and (5, 10,
15, 20 ) for 5.
• The smallest common multiple is (20), so (LCM(4, 5)
= 20).
This shortcut helps quickly find the LCM without having
to list all multiples.
 Sequential inputs of 6
When multiplying a sequential pattern of digits by a
number, look for repeating or predictable outcomes.

Example:
(666 x n)
• Observe the pattern formed by the results of multiplying
(666 x 1, 666 x 2, ldots ), and find if there's a repetition
or sequential increase in digits.
Understanding these patterns can help predict the
outcomes more quickly.
 Sequential inputs of 9
Multiplying numbers composed of repeated digits like (999)
can reveal interesting numerical patterns.

Example:
(999 times n)
• When multiplying (999) by smaller numbers, the results
often exhibit sequential patterns. For example, (999 x 2
= 1998), where the result is almost twice the sequence.
Recognizing such patterns simplifies predictions for future
products.
 Sequential inputs of
numbers with 8
Similar to patterns with 6 and 9, sequential repetition with
8 also follows predictable results.

Example:
(888 times n)
• Multiplying (888) by different values can show
sequential or mirrored results. For instance, (888 x 2 =
1776), which is a symmetric number.
Identifying these patterns helps simplify multiplication
mentally.
 Sequential number with
2519
Certain numbers like (2519) can be involved in equations
that follow specific predictable results.

Example:
• When using (2519) in calculations such as multiplication,
certain patterns might emerge, especially when the
multiplier is a sequential digit.
This trick involves recognizing consistent outcomes when
using this number.
 Sequential 1st with 9
Multiplying numbers that begin with the digit 9 often
results in outcomes that follow sequential or mirrored
patterns.

Example:
(9xxxx x 9)
• For instance, (9000 times 9 = 81000). Notice the first
digits follow a decremental pattern.

Recognizing this pattern can help in estimating products

quickly.
 Sequential 8ths with 9
When numbers start with ( 89xxxx ), their multiplication
results often form specific predictable sequences.

Example:
(89xxxx times n)
• Multiplying these numbers can result in sums where
the products seem sequentially related to the original
number.
This approach simplifies prediction when multiplying
larger numbers.
Numeric palindrome with 1
Palindromic numbers are numbers that read the same
forward and backward.

Example:
• Multiplying numbers like (11111) can produce results
that remain symmetrical. For instance, (11111 x 2
=22222), where the result is a repeat of the digits.

This trick leverages symmetry for easier calculations.

 Finding speed
Use the formula for speed to determine the velocity of
an object.

Example:
If a car travels 150 kilometers in 3 hours, find the
speed.
• Speed = Distance/Time, so (150 km/3 hours = 50
km/hr).

This formula simplifies calculations involving travel.

 Finding time
Rearrange the speed formula to find time when given
distance and speed.

Example:
If a train travels 180 kilometers at a speed of 60 km/hr,
find the time taken.
• Time = Distance/Speed, so (180 km / 60 km/hr = 3
hours).
This helps quickly calculate how long a journey will take
based on given parameters.
 Finding distance
Use the formula: Distance = Speed x Time.

Example:
If a car travels at a speed of 60 km/hr for 3 hours,
calculate the distance covered.
• Distance = (60 km/hr x 3 hours = 180 km).

This formula helps in calculating how far an object

travels based on its speed and time.
 The answer is 5
Certain operations consistently produce the result of 5.

Example:
Take any number, multiply it by 2, add 10, divide by 2,
and subtract the original number.
• Start with (3): ((3 x 2) + 10 = 16), then (16/2 = 8),
and (8 - 3 = 5).
This process always results in 5, regardless of the
starting number.
 The metric system
Converting between metric units involves multiplying or
dividing by powers of 10.

Example:
Convert (3 km) to meters.
• Since (1 km = 1000 m), multiply (3 times 1000 = 3000
m).
• Convert (250 cm) to meters.
• Since (1 m = 100 cm), divide (250/100 = 2.5 m).
Metric conversions rely on moving the decimal point based
on the units' prefixes.
 Fast addition
Break numbers into simpler, round values for a quicker
addition.

Example:
(47 + 56)
• Round (47) to (50) and (56) to (53), making the sum (50
+ 53 = 103).
• Then adjust for the rounding: (103 - 3 = 100) since (47 +
3 = 50).
This method simplifies mental math by working with round
numbers first.
 Bringing you back to
Use square one
reversals in operations to return to the original
number.

Example:
Start with a number, perform operations, and reverse
them to get back to the original.
• Start with (10), add (5), then subtract (5) to get (10).

This technique helps to check calculations or solve

certain puzzles.
 2-BY-1 Multiplication
problems
Simplify two-digit by one-digit multiplication by breaking
the two-digit number into parts.

Example:
(23 times 8)
• Split (23) into (20 + 3), then multiply separately: (20
x 8 = 160) and (3 x 8 = 24).
• Add the results: (160 + 24 = 184).
This method breaks the calculation into simpler
components.
 Easy way to solve
When dealing with exponents
powers, use properties of exponents to
combine them.

Example:
(2^3 times 2^4)
• Add the exponents since the base is the same: (2^{3+4}
= 2^7).
• Calculate (2^7 = 128).
This approach simplifies multiplication of powers by
combining exponents.
 The reverse-angle trick
In geometry, calculate alternate or supplementary
angles using simple rules.

Example:
If two angles are on a straight line, they add up to
( 180^ circ ).
• If one angle is (120^ circ), the other is (180^ circ -
120^ circ = 60^ circ).

This trick helps find missing angles in geometric

problems.
 Calculating taxes
Use percentage shortcuts for quick tax calculations.

Example:
Calculate (10%) of (150).
• Move the decimal one place to the left: (150 right
arrow 15).

For other percentages, break them down into parts (e.g.,

(15% ) is (10% + 5%)).
 Yohaku
In magic squares, arrange numbers so that the sums of
each row, column, and diagonal are equal.

Example:
Arrange the numbers 1–9 in a ( 3 times 3 ) grid such that
each row, column, and diagonal adds up to 15.

Magic squares are a fun way to explore number patterns

and arithmetic properties.
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