Scribd
Upload
5 views

Protestant Reformation 1517

Uploaded by

mackinzywiseman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Protestant Reformation 1517

Uploaded by

mackinzywiseman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

Martin Luther Martin Luther King, Jr.

Protestant Reformation: 1517

Reform = CHANGE
Reformation = MAJOR religious change!
Renaissance's effect
 People began to question their lives and
authority (Usury, Black Plague was killing
lots of people)
 Secularism increased in European society
 Humanism and Individualism also
increased
Problems with the Catholic
Church
 German and
English nobility
disliked Italian
domination of
the church
(seemed like
every Pope was
Italian!)
More problems…
 The Church had great political
power and wealth…which caused
conflict
 Church corruption and sale of

indulgences
Previous Dissenters before Martin
Luther:
 Jan Huss
 John Wycliffe

 These two men


spoke out against
the church before
Martin Luther, but
did not break
away from the
Catholic Church.
Martin Luther- 1517
 German monk
 Questioned Churches
practices
 Sale of indulgences by

Johann Tetzel building a


church (St. Peter’s)
 selling forgiveness for

sins
 Lessens your time in
Purgatory
 You could purchase
one to save the soul of
a dead relative
An example of an indulgence
St. Peter’s Basilica-Rome
95 Theses
 Luther was so
upset at church he
decided to write
the 95 Theses (95
things church is
doing wrong) and
nails them to the
church door in
Wittenberg
(Germany)
How did this become such a big
deal?
 One effect of the
printing press –
spread ideas faster!
 Opened people’s
eyes to church
malpractices and
abuses.
Martin Luther
 “Faith Alone” will save you
 All should read the Bible in vernacular

(your own language)


 All humans are equal before God
 Simplify the sacraments to baptism and
communion
 *Pope has no authority to forgive sins!
 BIBLE IS THE ONLY SOURCE OF RELIGIOUS
TRUTH.
Luther at the Diet of Worms-1521

 HRE (Holy Roman Emperor) wants Martin


Luther to recant (take back) what he said @
Diet (meeting)of Worms (city in Germany)
Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!

“I cannot and will not recant what I believe.


Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God
help me. Amen.” -Martin Luther

He is excommunicated from church and


forced into hiding for the rest of his life-
he is taken care of, marries, has children.
What are the results of Luther’s
actions?
Opened people’s eyes to corruption of the
church
PROTESTANTISM - A new sect of Christianity
begins
- soon others began to create new churches
away from the Roman Catholic Church based
on own beliefs– ex John Calvin-- Calvinism
- Ex. Protestant, Lutheran, Baptists, Puritans,
Methodists, Pentecostals,Calvinists, etc.
New Sects of Christianity

Christianity

Catholicism Protestantism

Baptist Lutheran
Methodist, Anglican
Presbyterian
Catholic Protestant
John Calvin - Predestination
 French lawyer - moved to
religious community in
Geneva, Switzerland
 The Bible holds the truth
1. Faith is revealed by
living a righteous life

2. Strong work ethic

3. PREDESTINATION - the
idea that your fate has
been predetermined by
God instead of being
based on your actions
Calvin spreads Protestantism
 Spreads to France,
Germany, Netherlands,
Scandinavia, Scotland
(Northern Europe)
 Dutch Reformed, Scottish
Presbyterians, American
Baptists, Puritans all stem
from this branch.
 Europe is split into
Protestant North &
Catholic South
 Has Michael Servetus
burned alive for
preaching the Holy Trinity
Death of Michael Servetus

Servetus was ultimately burned at


the stake– atop a pyre of his own
books and green wood to draw out
his death– which reportedly took
30 minutes.
Bellringer- Vocabulary
 Doctrine- beliefs and teachings of a
person and/or institution
 Heresy/heretic- teaching or beliefs that go
against Catholic Church doctrine
 Dissenter- one who disagrees strongly
Protestant Reformation in
England-Henry VIII(8 )of England
th

 Wished to divorce
Catherine of Aragon and
marry Anne Boleyn
 Pope refused to grant it
 Henry declares himself
head of the Church of
England in the “Act of
Supremacy” 1534
 In America we call this
the Anglican Church
What Henry VIII (8 ) did:
th
 Dismissed the
authority of the Pope
in England
 Divorced Katherine of
Aragon and broke
with Rome (these
actions started
Protestantism in
England)
 Took lands and
wealth of the Roman
Catholic Church in
England (for himself)
Elizabeth I of England

 Combined Protestant and Catholic


parts of the service-compromise!
 Elizabeth is tolerant of dissenters
 Church of England => Anglican
Church
 1588*- Elizabeth defeated the
Spanish Armada. (Philip II
attempted to re-Catholicize
England)
*Edict of Nantes (it’s a document)
 Edict of Nantes gave Huguenots (French
Protestants) religious freedom
 France was mostly Catholic!
 Revoked by Louis XIV, and Huguenots
were tortured and persecuted.
Thirty Years War
 Fought in the Holy Roman Empire
(Germany)
 Between Catholics and Protestants
 Hapsburg Family supports the
Catholics
 Cardinal Richelieu (France) changes
the focus of the war from religious to
political
 How? France (mostly Catholic) supports the
Lutherans (Protestants) to keep the
Hapsburgs weak
Result of 30 Years War
 Holy Roman Empire is split into 360
separate states
 Each state has a prince who decides
whether his area will become Protestant or
stay Catholic
 Princes in Northern Germany became
Protestant, which helped to spread the
Reformation
The CATHOLIC Reformation
or, The COUNTER-Reformation

1. Council of
Trent
2. Jesuits
3. The
Inquisition
1. Council of Trent
 Met over 17 years
 Determined what was
heresy (against church
teachings)
 Reaffirmed Catholic
doctrine (Church
teachings and beliefs)
 Launched the Inquisition,
and the Jesuits
2. The Jesuits

 Jesuits (founded by
Loyola) were
Catholic
missionaries
 Sent out as advisors
to rulers of Catholic
lands in Europe
 Only answered to
the Pope
3. The Inquisition
Was set up as a court system
to try heretics and reinforce
church doctrine

Heretic- someone who denied


the authority of the Catholic
Church (any Protestant)

Used torture as a means to


get people to reject
Protestantism
IN SHORT,
THE
REFORMATION
ENDED CHURCH
UNITY IN
WESTERN
EUROPE

You might also like