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Ingles Clases 2

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Roger J. Díaz
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12 views

Ingles Clases 2

Uploaded by

Roger J. Díaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIRCRAFT ENGINES

There are two main types of aircraft engines: jet and reciprocating. There
are many different kinds of each.
Jet Engines A jet engine is simply a reaction engine that develops thrust
by the rapid discharge of a gas. Jet engines depend on the surrounding
atmosphere for oxygen to support combustion and therefore can only
operate in regions where an atmosphere exists. There are several types
of jet engines: turbojet, turboprop, turbofan, ramjet, pulsejet, and
scramjet.
Turbojet A turbojet engine is a jet engine that incorporates a turbine-
driven compressor to take in and compress air for the combustion of
fuel. The exhaust from the combustion drives the turbine and creates
the thrust-producing jet.
TURBOPROP
A turboprop engine is a turbojet engine in which a portion of the exhaust energy is used to drive a
propeller. The engine's thrust is therefore generated by a combination of the propeller's thrust
and the jet exhaust from the engine.
TURBOFAN
A turbofan engine is a turbojet engine in which additional thrust is gained
by extending a portion of the compressor or turbine blades outside the
inner engine casing. These extended blades propel bypass air around the
engine core, between the inner and outer engine casings. This air is not
combusted but does provide additional thrust since it is compressed by
the blades.
RAMJET
A ramjet engine is the simplest type of jet engine since it has no moving parts. The engine is
basically a specially-shaped duct open at both ends, with the air necessary for combustion
being compressed by the forward motion of the engine. Fuel is sprayed into the air stream
and the mixture is ignited. The high-pressure air coming into the combustion chamber keeps
the reaction from going back toward the inlet. Ramjet engines cannot operate under static
conditions.
In order to function, they have to already be traveling through the air at slightly over the
speed of sound (somewhat over 740 miles per hour at sea level). This means that the aircraft
using them must first get up to the required speed using some other type of propulsion, then
start the ramjets. They can operate at up to five times the speed of sound.
PULSEJET
• A pulsejet engine uses the principle of "intermittent combustion." The
inlet duct has a series of shutters which are spring-loaded to the open
position. Air is drawn in through these open shutters and fuel is injected
and ignited inside the combustion chamber.

• The increased pressure caused by this combustion forces the inlet


shutters to close, forcing all the combustion gases to be expelled through
the outlet duct at the rear of the engine. When the exhaust gases are
expelled, the internal pressure subsides, allowing the inlet shutters to
spring open again and the cycle repeats itself.
PULSEJET
SCRAMJET
A scramjet, or "supersonic combustion ramjet," engine is similar to a
ramjet, but is designed to operate at well over five times the speed of
sound, or at hypersonic velocities. As with ramjets, aircraft powered by
scramjets must first be brought up to required speed by some other means
of propulsion. Unlike ramjets, which slow the supersonic air stream entering
the inlet to subsonic speeds before combustion, a scramjet combusts the
supersonic air stream without slowing it.
SCRAMJET
AFTERBURNER
• Modern turbine engines are extremely efficient, but there is still a lot of
oxygen available in the exhaust stream. An apparatus called an afterburner
can be built onto a turbine engine to inject fuel directly into the exhaust
stream and burn it using up the remaining oxygen. This heats and expands
the exhaust gases further, and can increase the thrust of a jet engine by
50% or more.

The big advantage of an afterburner is that you can significantly increase the
thrust of an engine without adding much weight or complexity to it. An
afterburner is nothing but a set of fuel injectors, a tube and flame holder that
the fuel burns in, and an adjustable exhaust nozzle. A jet engine with an
afterburner needs an adjustable nozzle so that it can work both with the
afterburners on and with them off.
AFTERBURNER
RECIPROCATING ENGINES
• Reciprocating engines, or "piston" engines, are internal combustion engines that
depend on moving pistons to turn a shaft with a propeller mounted on it to generate
the thrust to propel the aircraft. A mixture of fuel and air is compressed by the
pistons; an electric spark causes the mixture to explode, driving the pistons
downward. This motion is transferred to the crankshaft by connecting rods. The
rotating crankshaft turns the propeller.

• A propeller is a type of airfoil (similar to a wing) that turns and accelerates air. As
the blades of the propeller rotate they create lifting forces just as a wing does, only
working in the horizontal plane instead of the vertical as with wings. Thus, the
propeller creates a propulsive force perpendicular to its plane of rotation that
moves the aircraft forward as a reaction. Propellers, or "props," can either "pull" the
aircraft from their position on the front of the fuselage or wings, or "push" it from
behind, or both

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