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Java M5

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7 views

Java M5

Uploaded by

dineshnceh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE -5

Multithreaded Programming
Java provides built-in support for multithreaded programming.

A multithreaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently.

Each part of such a program is called a thread, and each thread defines a separate path
of execution. Thus, multithreading is a specialized form of multitasking.

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However, there are two distinct types of multitasking:


process-based and thread-based.
A process is, in essence, a program that is executing. Thus, process-based
multitasking is the feature that allows your computer to run two or more programs
concurrently.

In a thread-based multitasking environment, the thread is the smallest unit of


dispatchable code. This means that a single program can perform two or more tasks
simultaneously.

Multithreading enables you to write efficient programs that make maximum use of the
processing power available in the system.

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The Java Thread Model

Threads exist in several states.

Here is a general description.

A thread can be running.


It can be ready to run as soon as it gets CPU time.
A running thread can be suspended, which temporarily halts its activity.
A suspended thread can then be resumed, allowing it to pick up where it left off. A
thread can be blocked when waiting for a resource.
At any time, a thread can be terminated, which halts its execution immediately. Once
terminated, a thread cannot be resumed.

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Thread Priorities
Thread priorities are used by the thread scheduler to decide when
each thread should be allowed to run.

In theory, over a given period of time, higher-priority threads get


more CPU time than lower-priority threads.

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For example, the following sequence determines if a thread


called thrd is in the RUNNABLE state at the time getState( ) is
called:

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Type Wrappers

The type wrappers are Double, Float, Long, Integer, Short, Byte,
Character, and Boolean.

The Numeric Type Wrappers

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Enumerations
An enumeration is a list of named constants that define a new data type and its legal
values.
Thus, an enumeration object can hold only a value that was declared in the list. Other
values are not allowed.

An enumeration is created using the enum keyword.

For example, here is a simple enumeration that lists various apple varieties:

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The identifiers Jonathan, GoldenDel, and so on, are called enumeration constants.
Each is implicitly declared as a public, static final member of Apple.

For example, this declares ap as a variable of enumeration type


Apple:

Apple ap;

For example, this assigns ap the value RedDel:


ap = Apple.RedDel;

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enumeration.

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