Scribd
Upload
18 views

PhysicalScience11 Module6 Limiting and Excess Reactants 1

Uploaded by

rodeney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

PhysicalScience11 Module6 Limiting and Excess Reactants 1

Uploaded by

rodeney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

LIMITING

AND EXCESS
REACTANTS
What I Know

______________1. Substances originally present in a chemical


reaction that are used to produc e products
after the reaction.
______________2. Substance produced in the chemical reaction.
______________3. A written chemical symbol to represent the
process of chemical
reaction.
______________4. In a chemical reaction, it limits the amount of
substance that m a y be produced.
______________5. A reactant which is not used up after the
chemical reaction is done.
Li m i t i n g a n d E x c e ss
Reactants

It has b e e n a s s u m e d that all the reactants involved in a reaction h a v e


b e e n transformed into output or product but that is not the case in any
chemical reaction. In other words, one m a y choose one reactant then
calculate h o w m a n y moles in that reaction and measure h o w m a n y grams in
that of the other reaction might be needed to complete the chemical reaction
process. Tw o thing you will recognize, either you ha ve a n excess in the first
reaction or in the se c ond reaction. Therefore, the excess a m o u n t in the
reaction referred a s excess reactant o n the other hand, the substance that
limits in the reaction is called limiting reactant.
Yo u a n d y o u r f r i e n d s p l a n n e d t o h a v e a b e a c h pi cni c. T h e y a s s i g n e d y o u t o b r i n g
barbeque o n your picnic day. Yo u decided that each stick of barbeque has 3 slices of pork. If
y o u have 3 6 slices of pork a n d 1 0 barbeque sticks, h o w m a n y barbeques can be m a d e ?

F r o m 3 6 s l i ces o f p o r k a n d 1 0 b a r b e q u e s t i cks , y o u c a n m a k e 1 0 p o r k b a r b e q u e s because


there 3 slices of pork in every stick. Although you can m a k e m o r e barbeques from the
remaining slices of pork, only 1 0 pork barbeques are possible due to limited n u m b e r o f sticks
available. I n this scenario, s t i cks ar e t he l i m i t ing reactant s i n c e it all used u p in the process.
While, specifically 6 slices of pork are excess this referred as e x c e s s reactant, s i m p l y m e a n s
n o t u s e d u p or the left o v e r in t he entire process.
Limiting Reactant

In a g iv en ch em ical reaction there is a limiting reagent o r reactant w h i c h d e term in es h o w m a n y


p r o d u c t s are to b e p r o d u c e d . L i m i t i n g reactant is a s u b s t a n c e w h i c h w a s f i r s t u s e d i n a c h e m i c a l
reactio n . T h i s r e a c t i o n a l w a y s s e r v e s a s t h e b a s i s fo r calculating the quantity of chemically
f o r m e d p r o d u c t s . H o w c a n w e d e t e r m i n e a c h e m i c a l reaction w i t h the limiting reactan t?

S o let u s tr y this!
In an experiment, suppose y o u have 4.5 g of Al and 2.25 g of N a C l are
initially present, find:
Al + NaCl AlCl 3 + Na
a. the limiting reactant?
b. the e x c e s s reactant r e m a i n s after t h e
reacti on?
c. the grams of AlCl 3 are formed?
Solutions:

First Step

Bal an ced the chemi cal equation.


AlCl 3 + 3Na
Al + 3NaCl
Second Step

Calculate the m o l a r m a s s ( m . m ) o f the reactants.

m . m Al = 27 g/mole
m . m NaCl = 58 g/mole
Na = 1 x 23 = 23
Cl = 1 x 35 = 35
58 g/moles of NaCl
Third Step
D iv id e the calculated m o l a r m a s s of the g iv en elem en t o r c o m p o u n d f r o m the g i v e n m a s s . T h e n
a f t e r w a r d , t h e n u m b e r o f m o l e s a r e d i v i d e d b y t h e c o e ff i c i e n t indicated i n th e b a l a n c e d c h e m i c a l
eq u a tio n .
T h e limiting reactant is N a C l , since the calculated value is 0.013 lesser
than Al. While, aluminum (Al) shows calculated value of 0.167. Therefore, it is
concluded that a l u m i n u m (Al) is the excess reactant, since there is m o r e than
e nough of it to react with the sodium chloride (NaCl).

For letter c, at the e nd of the reaction, h o w m a n y g r a m s of AlCl 3 are


formed? Ta k e note that the m . m of AlCl 3 is 132 g/moles.

g of AlCl 3 = 2.5 g NaCl x 1 mol NaCl x 1 mol AlCl 3 x 132 g AlCl 3 = 1.90 g of
AlCl 3 58g NaCl 3 mol N aCl 1 mol
AlCl 3
1. W h e n 1 5 g C O and 8 g H 2 are reacted, what is the limiting reactant?
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O

2. If 100 g Fe2O 3 and 100 g C O are reacted, h o w m u c h Fe are formed?


Fe2O 3 + 3C O 2Fe + 3CO2

3. W h a t is the excess reactant, w h e n 22 g Fe reacts with 13 g of HCl?


Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H 2
What’s M o r e
Calculate wh a t is being asked.

Using this chemical equation.

3Na + AlCl 3 3NaCl + Al

If 16 g Na and 8 g AlCl3 are allowed to react, find


a. the limiting reactant
b. the excess reactant
c. the grams of Al are formed in the chemical reaction.
What I Have Learned

1. Limiting reactant is a reactant that limits the reaction.


2. Excess reactant is a reactant that contains one or more needed to react with
limiting reactant.

3. Product is a substance that formed during the chemical reaction .


What I Can Do

1. Write the balanced chemical equation, w h e n m a g n e s i u m


is reacted with silver nitrate forming magnesium nitrate and
silver.
2. If 1 8 g of m a g n e s i u m reacts with 3 3 g of silver nitrate,
determine the limiting reactant.
3. Find the excess reactant in the given reaction.
4. H o w much silver can be formed from the above chemical
reaction?
Assessment

1. Suppose your classmates will be visiting you. Yo u decided to m ake


burger for their s nack. Yo u h a v e 2 0 b u rg e r patties a n d 1 7 b u rg e r b u n s , h o w m a n y
b u rg e r s y o u c a n m a k e ?
a. 2 0 c. 3
b. 1 7 d. 3 7

2. B a s e d o n p r o b l e m 1, w h a t is the limiting reactant?


a. b u rg e r b u n s c. y o u r cl as s mat es
b. b u rg e r patties d. y o u r b u d g e t

3. B a s e d o n p r o b l e m 1, h o w m a n y burger patties are extra after your preparation for


snack?
a. 0 c. 1 7
b. 3 7 d. 3

For numbers 4 -10. If 68 g of Z n reacts with 27.5 g of HCl. U s e the chemical equation to
answer the following questions below.

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl 2 + H 2
4. W h a t is the molar m a s s of Z n ?
a. 6 5 g / m o l c. 2 7 g/ m o l
b. 3 0 g / m o l d. 6 8 g/ m o l
5. W h a t is the molar mass of H C l?
a. 2 g / m o l c. 3 6 g / m o l
b. 1 6 g / m o l d. 6 8 g / m o l
6. What coefficient is indicated in HCl?
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5
7. W h i c h substance is limiting reactant?
a. ZnCl2 c. Zn
b. HCl d. H 2
8. W h i c h substance is excess reactant?
a. HCl c. ZnCl2
b.H2 d. Z n
9. W h a t is the molar ma ss of Z nC l 2?
a. 1 3 5 g / m o l c. 7 0 g / m o l
b. 6 5 g / m o l d. 3 5 g / m o l
10. H o w ma ny grams of H 2 will be produced?
a. 0.76 g c. 55 g
b. 72 g d. 27.5 g
Additional Activities

1. Determine the limiting reactant and excess reactant, w h e n 36 g


of Al and 28.5 g of H B r are reacted and h o w m a n y grams of H 2 gas are formed?

2Al + 6HBr 2AlBr3 + 3H2

2. W h e n 1 0 g of N 2 a n d 7 g H 2 are allowed to react. Determine the limiting reactant


a n d excess reactant in this reaction.

N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3

You might also like