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PLASMID Presentation

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29 views

PLASMID Presentation

Uploaded by

chaudharisujal21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PLASMID

Submitted by
Sujal Chaudhari
D004
WHAT IS PLASMID?
 Plasmids are small double stranded DNA molecules, usually

circular that can exist independently of host chromosomes and

are present in many bacteria.

 They have their own replication origins and are autonomously

replicating and stably inherited.

 The term plasmid was first introduced by the American

molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg in 1952.


TYPES OF PLASMIDS
 CONJUGATIVE PLASMIDS
contain ‘tra’ genes (genes necessary for non-sexual transfer of
genetic material), which perform the complex process of conjugation,
the transfer of plasmids to another bacterium.

 NON-CONJUGATIVE PLASMIDS
Are incapable of initiating conjugative, hence they can only be
transferred with the assistance of conjugative plasmids.

 INTERMEDIATE CLASSES OF PLASMIDS


Are mobilizable and carry only a subset of the genes required for
transfer.
PLASMID
CONSISTS OF :-

 An origin of Replication.

 Multiple cloning sites.

 An antibiotic resistance gene.

 The size of plasmids varies from 1to over 400

kilobase pairs (kbp).


PLASMID – A VECTOR

 A vector is DNA molecule used to carry genes from organism to organism.

 Plasmids have 3 key parts :- 1) Origin of Replication

2) A selectable marker gene

3) A cloning site
CLONING
INTO A
PLASMID
HUMAN INSULIN
PRODUCTION
PLASMIDS IN GENETIC ENGINEERING
 In genetic engineering, plasmids provides a versatile
tool that are used to make copies of particular genes.
This is done by inserting the gene to be replicated
into the plasmid, then inserting the plasmids into
bacteria by a process called Transformation”, Next
the bacteria are exposed to antibiotics that destroy
bacteria without the plasmid. These bacteria are then
grown in large amounts with their new genes.
DNA VACCINES
 Plasmid DNA (pDNA) is the base for promising DNA vaccines and gene
therapies against many infectious, acquired, and genetic diseases,
including HIV-AIDS, Malaria, and different types of cancer, enteric
pathogens, and influenza.
 Compared to conventional vaccines, DNA vaccines have many advantages
such as high stability, not being infectious, focusing the immune response
to only those antigens desired for immunization and long-term persistence
of the vaccine protection.
 Especially in developing countries, where conventional effective vaccines
are often unavailable or too expensive, there is a need for both new and
improved vaccines. Therefore the demand of pDNA is expected to rise
significantly in the near future.
REFERENCES

 http://www.innovateus.net
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org
THANKYO
U

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