CALCULUS

TOPIC’
S

5.1 AREA OF IRREGULAR SHAPES BY APPLYING

SIMPSONS RULE USING INTEGRATION

5.2 RELATED RATES

 SIMPSON’S 1 AND 2
ST ND

1 st RULES 2nd
Rule Rule

Rule Rule
Used for 3, 5, 7,
Used for 4, 7, or
9, 11, …
10 ordinates
ordinates
1-3-3-
1-4-1Rule 1Rule
 SIMPSON’S 1 AND 2 ST ND

1 st RULES 2nd
Rule Formula Rule
Formula
: :
𝒉 𝟑𝒉
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+ 𝒚 𝟑) 𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟑+ 𝒚 𝟒 )
𝟑 𝟖
𝒉 𝟑𝒉
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟒+ 𝒚 𝟓 ) 𝑨= 𝟖 ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟑+𝟐𝒚 𝟒+𝟑 𝒚 𝟓+𝟑 𝒚 𝟔 +𝒚 𝟕 )
𝟑
𝒉 𝟑𝒉
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟒+𝟐𝒚 𝟓+𝟒 𝒚 𝟔+ 𝒚 𝟕) 𝑨= 𝟖 ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑𝒚 𝟑+𝟐𝒚 𝟒+𝟑𝒚 𝟓+𝟑𝒚 𝟔 +𝟐𝒚 𝟕 +𝟑𝒚 𝟖 +𝟑𝒚 𝟗+𝒚 𝟏𝟎)
𝟑
Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections
 1st
Rule
Example
1:
A ship’s water-plane
is 65 m long. The 𝟔𝟓 𝒎 Simpson

lengths of 𝒉= Ordinat ’s Produc

equidistantly spaced
𝟐 e Multiplie
r
t

0 1 0
half ordinates from
forward are as 𝒉=𝟑𝟐.𝟓𝟎𝒎 6.5 4 26
0.2 1 0.2
follows: 0, 6.5, 0.2. 𝒉
Determine the area 𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+ 𝒚 𝟑) sum 26.2
𝟑
of the water-plane.
𝟐
𝒉
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+ 𝒚 𝟑) 𝑨=
𝟑𝟐.𝟓𝟎 𝒎
𝟑 𝑨=𝟐𝟖𝟑.𝟖𝟑𝒎 𝒙 𝟐
( 𝟐𝟔.𝟐 𝒎 )
𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections 𝑨=𝟐𝟖𝟑.𝟖𝟑𝒎 𝑨=𝟓𝟔𝟕.𝟔𝟕𝒎
 1st
Rule
Example Ordinat
Simpson
’s Produ
A ship’s water-plane
2: e Multiplie ct
r
is 72 m long. The 𝟕𝟐 𝒎
lengths of 𝒉= 0 1 0

equidistantly spaced 𝟒 5.5 4 22

7 2 14
half ordinates from
forward are as 𝒉=𝟏𝟖𝒎 4.8
0.4
4
1
19.2
0.4
follows: 0, 5.5, 7,
𝒉 sum 55.6
4.8, 0.4. Determine 𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟒+ 𝒚 𝟓 )
the area of the 𝟑
water-plane.
𝒉 𝟏𝟖 𝒎 𝟐
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟒+ 𝒚 𝟓 )
𝟑
𝑨=
𝟑 𝑨=𝟑𝟑𝟑.𝟔𝟎𝒎 𝒙𝟐
( 𝟓𝟓 . 𝟔𝒎 )

𝟐 𝟐
Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections 𝑨=𝟑𝟑𝟑.𝟔𝟎𝒎 𝑨=𝟔𝟔𝟕.𝟐𝟎𝒎
 1st Simpson
Rule Ordinat
e
’s
Multipli
Produc
t
Example er
A ship’s water-plane
3: 0 1 0
is 75 m long. The 𝟕𝟓 𝒎 4.9 4 19.6
lengths of 𝒉= 5.8 2 11.6
equidistantly spaced 𝟔 7.2 4 28.8
half ordinates from 6.2 2 12.4
forward are as 𝒉=𝟏𝟐.𝟓𝒎 4.5 4 18
follows: 0, 4.9, 5.8, 0.3 1 0.3
𝒉
7.2, 6.2, 4.5, 0.3. 𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒𝒚 𝟐+𝟐𝒚 𝟑 +𝟒𝒚 𝟒+𝟐𝒚 𝟓+𝟒𝒚 𝟔+𝒚 𝟕) sum 90.7
Determine the area 𝟑
of
𝒉 the water-plane. 𝟏𝟐 .𝟓 𝒎 𝟐
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟐+𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 +𝟒 𝒚 𝟒+𝟐𝒚 𝟓+𝟒 𝒚 𝟔+𝒚 𝟕) 𝑨=
𝟑 𝟑
(𝟗𝟎 .𝟕 𝒎 )
𝑨=𝟑𝟕𝟕.𝟗𝟐𝒎 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections 𝑨=𝟑𝟕𝟕.𝟗𝟐𝒎 𝑨=𝟕𝟓𝟓.𝟖𝟑𝒎
 2nd
Rule
Example
4: Simpson
A deck is 90 m long. 𝟗𝟎 𝒎 Ordinat ’s Produc
Half-breadths at 𝒉= e Multipli t

equal interval are: 𝟑 er

0.45 1 0.45
0.45, 6.3, 6.5, 0.63.
Determine the area
𝒉=𝟑𝟎𝒎 6.3 3 18.9
6.5 3 19.5
of the deck. 𝟑𝒉
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟑+ 𝒚 𝟒 ) 0.63 1 0.63

𝟑𝒉 𝟖 sum 39.48
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟑+ 𝒚 𝟒 ) ( 𝟑 ) 𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟐
𝟖 𝑨=
𝟖 𝑨=𝟒𝟒𝟒.𝟏𝟓𝒎 𝒙𝟐
( 𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟖𝒎 )
Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨=𝟒𝟒𝟒 .𝟏𝟓𝒎 𝑨=𝟖𝟖𝟖 .𝟑𝟎𝒎
 2nd Simpso
Rule Ordinat
e
n’s
Multipli
Produc
t
Example er
A ship’s water-plane
5: 0 1 0
is 57 m long. The 𝟓𝟕 𝒎 4.3 3 12.9
lengths of 𝒉= 5.0 3 15
equidistantly spaced 𝟔 5.6 2 11.2
half ordinates from 4.9 3 14.7
forward are as 𝒉=𝟗. 𝟓𝒎 4.1 3 12.3
follows: 0, 4.3, 5, 0.1 1 0.1
𝟑𝒉
5.6, 4.9, 4.1, 0.1. 𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑𝒚 𝟑+𝟐𝒚 𝟒+𝟑𝒚 𝟓+𝟑𝒚 𝟔 +𝒚 𝟕 ) sum 66.2
Determine the area 𝟖
of
𝟑𝒉the water-plane. ( 𝟑 ) 𝟗. 𝟓 𝒎 𝟐
𝑨= ( 𝒚 𝟏 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟑+𝟐𝒚 𝟒+𝟑 𝒚 𝟓+𝟑 𝒚 𝟔 +𝒚 𝟕 ) 𝑨=
𝟖 𝟖 𝑨=𝟐𝟑𝟓.𝟖𝟒𝒎 𝒙𝟐
( 𝟔𝟔. 𝟐 𝒎 )

𝟐 𝟐
Where: h − length divided by the number of area sections 𝑨=𝟐𝟑𝟓.𝟖𝟒𝒎 𝑨=𝟒𝟕𝟏 .𝟔𝟖𝒎
 ACTIVITY
Determine the area of the following:
5.1
1.

2.

3.
Related Rates
 What are Related Rates?
1. Rate of change:

Related rates 2. Derivatives:

problems involve
determining how Calculus's concept of 3.Real-World
different quantities derivatives is central Applications:
change in relation to to solving related
each other over rates problems, as These problems
time. they represent find applications in
instantaneous rates various fields,
of change. including physics,
engineering, and
economics.
 Differentiating Composite
Functions
Nested Functions Chain Rule

Related rates The chain rule helps

problems often us differentiate
involve composite composite functions,
functions where one allowing us to find the
quantity depends on derivative of the
another quantity that outer function with
itself varies over respect to the inner
time. function.
 Applying the Chain Rule
Finding the Relationship Solving for the Desired Rate

Identify the quantities Substitute known values

involved and their and solve for the
relationship, expressed in unknown rate of change.
a mathematical equation.

Differentiating Implicitly
Differentiate both sides of
the equation with respect
to time, treating all
variables as functions of
time.
Example no.
1
Inflating a balloon

Quantity Rate of change

Radius (r) dr/dt (increasing)
Volume (V) dV/dt (increasing)

1. A spherical balloon is being inflated at a

rate of 100 cubic centimeters per second.
How fast is the radius increasing when the
radius is 5 centimeters?
Example no.
1
Inflating a balloon
a. dr/dt = ?
b. dV/dt = 100 cm³/s , r = 5 cm
c. V = (4/3)πr³, differentiate both sides with respect to
time: dV/dt = 4πr² dr/dt
Substituting the given values:
100 = 4π(5)² dr/dt
dt/dt =

d. dt/dt = 0.318 cm/s

Example no. 2

Ladder Sliding Down a Wall

A ladder 10 feet long leans against a vertical

wall. The bottom of the ladder slides away
from the wall at a rate of 2 feet per second.
How fast is the top of the ladder sliding down
the wall when the bottom of the ladder is 6 feet
from the wall?
Example no. 2
Ladder Sliding Down a Wall

a. dy/dt
b. dx/dt = 2ft/s , x = 6ft. ladder = 10 ft.
c. From Pythagorean theorem: x2 + y2 = 102,
Differentiating both sides with respect to time: x2 + y2 = 102
2x(dx/dt) + 2y(dy/dt) = 0 y2 = 102 – (6ft.)2
2(6ft.)(2ft/s) + 2(8ft)(dy/dt) = 0 y = 8 ft.
24ft2/s + (16ft)(dy/dt) = 0
dy/dt =

d. dy/dt = -3/2 ft/s

Example 3.
Conical tank

A conical tank is being filled with water at a

rate of 5 cubic meters per minute. The
height of the tank is 10 meters and the
radius of the base is 5 meters. How fast is
the water level rising when the water level is
2 meters?
Example 3.
Conical tank

a. dh/dt = ?
b. dV/dt = 5 m³/min, h = 2 m, H = 10 m, r = 5 m

c. V = (1/3)πr²h, we need to express r in terms of h

r=
Substituting r = (1/2)h into the volume formula:
V = (1/3)π((1/2)h)²h = (1/12)πh³
Differentiating both sides with respect to time:
dV/dt = (1/4)πh² dh/dt
5m³/min = (1/4)π(2m)² dh/dt
Example 3.
Conical tank

d. = dh/dt ,

dh/dt = 1.59 m/min.

 ACTIVITY Solve the following problems
5.2 involving related rates

1. Air is being pumped into a spherical balloon at a rate of 4cm3/min. How

fast is the radius of the balloon increasing when its diameter is 24cm

2. A ladder, 10m long is leaning against a vertical wall. If its foot is given a
push at the rate of 2m/min towards the wall, how fast is its top sliding up
the wall when it is 6m from the ground?

3. All edges of the cube are changing at the rate of 6 cm/s. How fast is the
volume changing when each edges is 10cm?