Benha University

Research 1
Team 3

Residential buildings
For:-
• Dr.Nohaa
• Eng.Nadaa
By:-
Elnazeer
M. Ahmed Bakr
Youssef Mahmod
MZN
Moram
Definition:-
the entrance, circulation, plan balance, and distinguishing public and private
spaces.
The importance:-
For create an environment that meets the needs of its inhabitants, while it is
also visually attractive.
The Role:-
Show the community's need to advance lifestyles and methods of living in the
design of residential neighborhoods
Types of residential buildings:-
1. Single houses:-
Single-family homes are usually owned by only one
family, and are a single dwelling not attached to any
other structure. A single-family home has an open
space on all sides, and there are no dwellings above
or below it.
 2. Residential apartments :-
Apartments are large residential buildings.
They consist of separate dwellings for different
families, and are a collection of different
residential units in one building. In this type of
residential building, all the houses have
separate properties
.
3. Dormitories:-
Dormitories are another type of residential
building, a room with several beds for unrelated
people. The buildings are commonly used to
accommodate boarding school students, travelers,
or military personnel.
4. Hotels:-
Similar to hotels, this type of residential
home primarily provides accommodation on
a temporary basis.
5. House For Disabilities:-
the construction or modification (such as
through renovation or home modification)
of housing to enable independent living for
persons with disabilities.
Residential Building Design Standards
• Lighting:-
Delighting design combines beauty, psychology, and
technology. It includes how buildings are set up,
what materials are used, and how windows are
designed. It also looks at how electric lights work
with natural light.
Key parts of delighting design are:
Aesthetic value: Light changes how surfaces look,
creating a dynamic feel.
Psychological and health benefits: Natural light
boosts mood, productivity, and health. It can make
skin better and keep you alert.
Energy efficiency: Daylight cuts down on electric
lighting, saving energy and cooling costs.
• Ventilation:-
Key Concepts and Principles:
Natural Ventilation Techniques: These include
porches, extended wings, adjustable louvers,
attic ventilators, and roof monitors. They cool
the body through convection and perspiration
absorption.
Bernoulli's Principle: Faster air has lower
pressure. This principle helps control airflow
through constrictions like windows or doors.
Venturi Effect: Air speeds up through a
constriction, creating a lower pressure area. It's
used in design to direct airflow into spaces.
Wind Shadows: The windward side has higher
pressure, while the downwind side has lower
pressure. This creates a "wind shadow." Proper
placement of inlets and outlets enhances
ventilation.
• Air quality:-
The text talks about how important Indoor Air
Quality (IAQ) is in building design. It shows how
bad IAQ can hurt people's health and comfort.
Here are the main points:

For thousands of years, indoor air pollution has

been a problem. It started with fire in caves and
grew with industrial emissions. In the 1970s,
people in Europe, Japan, and North America began
to notice it more.
IAQ means the air inside is free from harmful stuff
like toxic gases and particles. Good air has mostly
nitrogen and oxygen.

Indoor air is often dirtier than outdoor air. This is

because of pollution inside, not enough mixing,
and low air flow. So, indoor air can be up to 100
times worse than outside air.
• Intelligent building systems:-
Intelligent building systems use electronic
technologies to make buildings better. They
manage things like infrastructure, lighting, and
security. The goal is to make buildings more
productive and cost-effective.
Key Concepts
An intelligent building is one that uses technology to
improve performance. It focuses on comfort, safety,
and saving money.
Technology Integration: Modern technology has
made buildings smarter. Systems like lighting and
security are now automated. This makes workspaces
more flexible and efficient.
Design Considerations: Intelligent buildings are
designed to be flexible for the future. They should be
able to adapt to new technologies and work patterns.
But, they shouldn't be too expensive or impractical.
• Insulation:-
Purpose: Insulation keeps heat from moving between
spaces. This saves energy for heating and cooling. It also
makes buildings more comfortable.
Additional Functions: Insulation controls surface
temperatures and prevents condensation. It also reduces
water vapor and sound transmission.
Thermal Comfort: Human comfort depends on air and
radiant temperatures, humidity, and air velocity.
Insulation affects these factors, keeping us comfortable.
Conduction: Heat moves through direct contact, like
touching something warm.
Convection: Heat moves through fluids, like when warm
air rises.
Radiation: Heat moves through electromagnetic waves,
without a medium, like the sun's heat.
 Residential development challenges
1. High economic costs
Land and material costs:-
Land and building material prices directly
affect the cost of buildings. This requires the
use of more efficient building materials and
techniques and reducing waste.
Shortage of qualified labor:-
The lack of trained labor leads to delays and
high construction costs, which affects the
quality and delivery of projects.
2. Engineering and design challenges

Design for high-density areas:

Requires providing more flexible designs that achieve
privacy and quality of life, especially in buildings that
suffer from a lack of open spaces.

Sustainable design:
Using techniques that reduce environmental impact
while ensuring quality, such as thermal insulation
systems and natural ventilation.
3. Environmental challenges

Climate impact:
Buildings’ resistance to changing climatic conditions
must be taken into account, such as withstanding
high winds or high temperatures.

Water management:
Developing systems that prevent water leakage and
address moisture problems for residential buildings.
4. Regulations and Policies

Complex legislation:
The implementation of building codes can be a barrier
to the adoption of new materials and technologies,
delaying the development process.

Modern construction technologies:

such as 3D printing and the use of prefabricated
structures.

Multifunctional designs:
To increase flexibility in the use of space and improve
efficiency.

Innovation in materials:
The use of new building materials reduces costs and
improves environmental performance.
 importance of residential buildings in urban planning

Residential buildings play a vital role in urban

planning for several reasons:
1. Meet housing needs: Residential buildings
provide suitable places to live for individuals
and families, ensuring adequate housing for
all members of society.
2. Improving the quality of life: The design of
residential buildings with high quality
provides a comfortable and safe living
environment, which reflects positively on
the health and safety of residents.
3. Community Development: Residential
buildings contribute to social solidarity by
creating close-knit and collaborative
communities, where neighbors can interact
and connect with each other.
4. Population distribution: contributes to the
balanced distribution of population across
different regions, which alleviates
population congestion in major cities and
supports the development of rural areas.

5. Sustainable planning: Residential buildings

can be part of sustainable strategies in
urban planning by adopting
environmentally friendly building
techniques and reducing the consumption
of natural resources.

6. Economic development: The establishment

of residential complexes contributes to
enhancing economic growth by stimulating
the construction and real estate sector, and
providing new job opportunities.
7. Infrastructure and Services:
The organization and planning of
residential areas helps in the
development of necessary infrastructure
such as schools, hospitals and
transportation networks, which enhances
the quality of life in these areas.

Thus residential buildings are an essential

element in improving urban planning and
developing cities in a balanced and
sustainable manner.
 role of residential buildings in organizing neighborhoods and cities

Residential buildings play a pivotal role in

organizing neighborhoods and cities in
multiple ways:
Determining societal structures: Contribute
to the formation of social and economic
structures by determining population
density and population distribution in
different neighbor hoods.
Provision of infrastructure: The need to
provide basic services such as roads, health
facilities, schools, and shops drives, which
contributes to the development of the
necessary infrastructure to support daily life.
• Improving accessibility: Helps design
and organize roads and streets to achieve the
best use of space and enhance access to
public services and facilities.
• Creating integrated communities:
Contribute to the creation of diverse and
integrated communities by providing housing
units that suit different economic and social
segments, which enhances coexistence and
cooperation among the population.
• Achieving sustainability:
By adopting sustainable planning principles, residential
buildings can contribute to reducing their carbon
footprint and improving the quality of life through
designs that focus on energy efficiency and the use of
renewable resources.

• Supporting the local economy:

Contributes to stimulating the local economy by
creating job opportunities in the construction,
maintenance and services sectors.
 impact of residential buildings on the
environment and humans
Impacts on the environment:
• Resource consumption:
Residential buildings require large amounts of
raw materials such as cement, steel, and wood,
which can affect natural resources and contribute
to their depletion.
• Energy and Emissions:
Construction and operation requires large
amounts of energy, which contributes to
greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
• Pollution:
The construction process can cause air, water and
soil pollution as a result of uncontrolled discharge
of materials and waste.
• Land use: Urbanization can lead to the loss of
agricultural land and natural areas, affecting
biodiversity and ecosystems.
• Water management Residential buildings
contribute to increasing water demand and the
challenge of wastewater management, affecting
water resources.
Effects on humans:
• Health and comfort: Good design of
residential buildings contributes to improving the
quality of life by providing a healthy and
comfortable environment, such as good
ventilation, natural lighting, and sound insulation.
• Psychological well-being: Buildings
that provide open and green spaces can
contribute to improving mental health and
reducing stress.
• Safety: Good construction ensures the
integrity of the structure and protects residents
from environmental hazards and natural
disasters.
• Economic cost: Residential buildings
contribute to the provision of housing for
individuals, but can be expensive in terms of
construction and maintenance, affecting the
personal economy.
• Social interaction: Design that encourages
social interaction can strengthen community
bonds and communication between neighbors.

With proper planning and the use of sustainable

building techniques, negative impacts can be
minimized and the positive benefits of residential
buildings can be enhanced.
Marina Bay Sands Project
- Singapore
‍
Marina Bay Sands is one of the most
important residential and commercial
projects in Singapore. The project consists of
three residential towers, a hotel and an
entertainment complex. It was designed by
the famous architect Moshe Safdie.

Design Considerations: Multifunctional

design: Integrating residential, hotel,
commercial and entertainment spaces,
creating a vibrant and multi-use
environment. Sustainability: The project
uses green technologies such as green roofs,
energy-efficient lighting, and innovative
cooling systems. Ventilation and natural
lighting: Windows and facades are designed
to allow natural light and ventilation, while
providing privacy for residents.
Marina Bay Sands Project
- Singapore
Challenges:
Integration of different functions: The main
challenge was how to integrate several
functions within one design while maintaining
privacy and aesthetics.

Sustainability in a hot and humid

environment: It was necessary to apply
energy and water saving techniques
effectively in a difficult climate environment.

Results:

A successful project that reflects how to

integrate residential spaces with commercial
and recreational facilities within one design
that enhances the quality of life and
contributes to preserving the environment.
Masdar City Project - UAE
Masdar City in Abu Dhabi is an integrated
residential project designed to be carbon-
neutral. The project aims to be a
sustainable urban model.
Design Considerations:‍
Environmental Sustainability: The project
relies on solar energy as its primary source
of energy. It is designed to be carbon-
neutral, and it also contains an innovative
water system that reduces water
consumption.‍
Smart Building Technologies: All buildings in
the city are equipped with smart systems
that control energy, lighting and ventilation,
contributing to energy efficiency.‍
Public Spaces: The city is designed to
ensure social interaction between its
residents through integrated public spaces.
Masdar City Project - UAE
Challenges:
Harsh climate environment: The
climate challenge in the desert was
met using traditional architectural
design methods and modern
technologies such as shaded roofs
and solar cooling systems
Outcomes:
Sustainable city: The project proves
the possibility of building
sustainable residential cities that
withstand the challenges of the
desert environment and achieve
energy efficiency.
Habitat 67 Project -
Canada

Located in Montreal, Canada, Habitat 67 is an

innovative residential project designed by
architect Moshe Safdie.
The project features a unique design that
integrates residential units that are divided
from each other.
Design considerations: Modular design:
The residential units are designed as stacked
cubes that provide privacy and fresh air for
each unit. Shared spaces: Shared spaces such
as gardens and balconies are provided at the
heart of the project, enhancing social
interaction between residents.
Local materials: Concrete was used as a
primary element in the construction, making
it blend in with the surrounding environment.
Habitat 67 Project -
Canada
Challenges:

Innovation in uses: The biggest challenge was

to create an innovative and diverse residential
environment in its design, while maintaining
an appropriate cost.

Results:
Innovation in urban design: The project is
considered among the first residential
projects to apply the idea of ​cubic assembly
for residential units. It also demonstrated the
ability of architects to provide innovative
solutions in the use of spaces.
:conclusion-
These projects are great examples of how to implement diverse design
considerations for residential buildings. Each project reflects how to
balance practical, aesthetic and environmental functions, and provide
innovative solutions to architectural challenges.