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1 Network - Topologies

Network Topologies clear the concept in computer network

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27 views26 pages

1 Network - Topologies

Network Topologies clear the concept in computer network

Uploaded by

i4399242
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA

NAAC - A grade, NBA accredited courses(2009-


12, 2016-18), UGC Autonomous College

Course Code: AGCS-21304


Course Name: Computer Networks
TOPIC: Network Topologies

Er. Bhuvnesh Kumar


Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE


4th Computer Networks
What is a Topology?
 Network topologies describe the ways in which the
elements of a network are mapped. They describe the
physical and logical arrangement of the network nodes.

• The physical topology of a network refers to the


configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals

2
Categories of Topology

1) Bus topology
2) Star topology
3) Ring topology
4) Mesh topology
5) Tree topology
6) Hybrid topology

3
4
Bus topology
 All networked nodes are interconnected, peer to peer, using a
single cable.
 The cable to which the nodes connect is called a "backbone". If
the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails.
 Both ends of the bus must be terminated with a terminating
resistor to prevent signal bounce.

Backbone

5
Advantages of Bus topology

1) Easy to implement and extend


2) Well suited for temporary networks that must be set
up in a hurry
3) Typically the least cheapest topology to implement
4) Failure of one station does not affect others

6
Disadvantages of Bus topology

1) Difficult to administer/troubleshoot
2) Limited cable length and number of stations
3) A cable break can disable the entire network; no
redundancy
4) Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run
5) Performance degrades as additional computers are added

7
Ring topology

 In Ring Topology Each networked workstation had two


connections: one to each of its nearest neighbors
 Data was transmitted unidirectional around the ring
 Sending and receiving of data takes place by the help of
TOKEN
 Token contains a piece of information which along with
data is sent by the source computer.

8
Token Passing
 The most common access method of ring
topology is token passing.
• Token passing: It is a network access
method in which a token is passed from
one node to another node.
 This token then passes to next node, which
checks if the signal is intended to it
 If yes, it receives it and passes the empty to into
the network
 otherwise passes token along with the data to
next node.
• Token: It is a frame that circulates around
the network.
9
Advantages of Ring topology

1) This type of network topology is very organized


2) Performance is better than that of Bus topology
3) No need for network server to control the connectivity
between workstations
4) Additional components do not affect the performance of
network
5) Each computer has equal access to resources

10
Disadvantages of Ring topology

1) Each packet of data must pass through all the computers


between source and destination, slower than star
topology
2) If one workstation or port goes down, the entire network
gets affected
3) Network is highly dependent on the wire which connects
different components

11
Star topology
 A star topology is a topology for a (LAN) in which all nodes are
individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch.
 Each networked device in star topology can access the media
independently
 Have become the dominant topology type in contemporary LANs
 Stars have made buses and rings obsolete in LAN topologies

12
Advantages of Star Topology

1) Compared to Bus topology it gives far much better


performance
2) Easy to connect new nodes or devices
3) Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network
4) Failure of one node or link doesn’t affect the rest of network

13
Disadvantages of star topology

1) If central device fails whole network goes down

2) The use of hub, a router or a switch as central device increases


the overall cost of the network

3) Performance and as well number of nodes which can be added


in such topology is depended on capacity of central device

14
Tree Topology
This topology is the variation of the Star topology.
This topology has a hierarchical flow of data.

In this, the various secondary hubs are


connected to the central hub which
contains the repeater. This data flow from
top to bottom i.e. from the central hub to
the secondary and then to the devices or
from bottom to top i.e. devices to the
secondary hub and then to the central
hub. It is a multi-point connection and a
non-robust topology because if the
backbone fails the topology crashes.

15
Advantages of Tree Topology

•It allows more devices to be attached to a single central hub


thus it decreases the distance that is traveled by the signal to
come to the devices.
•It allows the network to get isolated and also prioritize from
different computers.
•We can add new devices to the existing network.
•Error detection and error correction are very easy in a tree
topology.

16
Disadvantages of Tree Topology

•If the central hub gets fails the entire system fails.
•The cost is high because of the cabling.
•If new devices are added, it becomes difficult to reconfigure.

17
Mesh Topology
• A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer and network
device is interconnected with one another.

• This topology setup allows for most transmissions to be distributed even


if one of the connections goes down.

• It is a topology commonly used for wireless network. Below is a visual


example of a simple computer setup on a network using a mesh
topology.

18
Mesh topology

Figure Fully connected mesh topology (for five devices)

19
Advantages of Mesh Topology

 Manages high amounts of traffic, because multiple devices can transmit


data simultaneously.

 A failure of one device does not cause a break in the network or


transmission of data.

 Adding additional devices does not disrupt data transmission between


other devices.

20
Disadvantages of a mesh topology

 The cost to implement is higher than other network


topologies, making it a less desirable option.

 Building and maintaining the topology is difficult and time


consuming.

 The chance of redundant connections is high, which adds to


the high costs and potential for reduced efficiency.

21
Hybrid Topology

This topological technology is the combination of all the various types


of topologies we have studied above. Hybrid Topology is used when
the nodes are free to take any form. It means these can be individuals
such as Ring or Star topology or can be a combination of various types
of topologies seen above.

22
Hybrid Topology (Star + Bus)

23
Hybrid Topology (Ring + Bus)

24
Hybrid Topology (Star + Ring)

Switc
h

25
Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 3rd
26 Computer Networks

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