MODAL

VERBS
 What are modal
verbs?
★ Modal verbs είδος ρημάτων βοηθητικών ρημάτων.

★ Δεν έχουν άλλους χρόνους (εξαίρεση το have to και be able

tο).

★ ΄Μένουν ΙΔΙΑ σε όλα τα πρόσωπα (δεν κλίνονται).

Jessica might stay at home tonight.
The kids can have a sleepover at their Tom’s house tonight.

★ Πάντα ακολουθούνται από ρήμα χωρίς το to.

Tina will cook dinner for her husband tomorrow. (NOT: will to
 CA
N
Να εκφράσω Παράκληση Να ζητήσω ή να Can’t – να δείξω
ικανότητα δώσω άδεια πως δεν πιστεύω
Can I go to the ότι κάτι είναι
I can drive a car, Can I go to the disco tonight? - Yes, αλήθεια
but I can’t ride a bathroom, please? you can.
bicycle. Can I help you to do Thomas can’t be at
Can I meet with your homework? the beach. It’s too
my friend, please? cold outside.
 CO
UL
Ικανότητα στο
παρελθόν
Πιθανότητα D Ευγενική
παράκληση
Να προτείνω
κάτι

I could drive a It’s going to be cold We could try the

Mrs. Smith, could
car, but I couldn’t tomorrow. It could new restaurant in
you give me my
ride a bicycle snow in the city. your neighborhood.
book back?
when I was 18
years old.
Write can/can’t or could/couldn’t.
1. I _________________ (not/go) to the party last night because I was sick.
2. _________________________ (Noel/cook) Italian food?
3. My sister ______________________ (swim) last year, but now she _____________
(swim) very well.
4. I’m very tired, so I ______________________ (go out) to the park to play.
5. Most dinosaurs walked on land, but some _________________ (fly) in the sky.
6. When _________________ (I / talk) to you about my history project?
7. Douglas hit the tree because he ________________ (stop) the car.
8. I _______________________ (read) without my reading glasses. Where are they?
 MAY
MIGHT

Πιθανότητα στο παρόν Ζητάμε άδεια (με May Δίνουμε άδεια Might = αόριστος
Affirmative
ή στο μέλλον
I ή May we) του may
deduction in the
Students may not present
Lena said that she
Marianne may answer you leave the classroom. The TVjoin
might is on.
us There
later.
Excuse me, Mr
soon, though she is very
busy right now. Trevor, may I go to must be someone
She may go with her in the sitting room.
We might have a picnic the bathroom ?
tomorrow, but it can rain friends to the
tomorrow. cinema.
 SHOUL
D
OUGHT
Πρόταση, άποψη TO
Να ζητήσουμε ή να
δώσουμε συμβουλή
Να προτείνουμε κάτι Όταν περιμένουμε
Affirmative
ευγενικά με (Should κάτι να συμβεί
deduction in the
I should eat more I ή Should we) present
The cake has been in
You should forgive fruits to have more She doesn’t feel well. The
the TV is
oven foron.
anThere
hour.
her. energy. Should we call the Itmust
shouldbebe someone
ready.
You shouldn’t doctor? in the sitting room.
think about her that You should study
much. more to get better
grades.
Write may/might, may not/mightn’t or should/shouldn’t.
1.__________________ (I/go) to the bathroom, Miss Smith?
2. You ____________________ (eat) more fruit to lose some weight.
3. I _____________________ (send) you an email tonight, but I’m not sure.
4. They ___________________ (not/talk) so loudly because I can’t focus on my studying.
5. You ___________________ (leave) the bedroom when I tell you.
6. The kids ______________________ (listen) to their sister because she’s older.
7. I _____________________ (not/go out) with you tonight because I have a Maths test
tomorrow.
8. She ______________________ (not/spend) so much time on her phone when she has
a lot of homework.
 WIL
L
Σιγουριά για Πρόβλεψη στο Αυθόρμητη Ευγενική
κάτι στο μέλλον μέλλον απόφαση παράκληση ή
υπόσχεση
Students will get I think we will I am hungry. I will
their books on have flying cars in make myself a Will you pass me
their first day of 2045. salad. the biscuits, please?
school.
I promise I’ll tidy
my room tomorrow.
 WOUL
D
Ευγενική παράκληση Επαναλαμβανόμενες Would = αόριστος Ευγενική προσφορά
Affirmative
πράξεις στο παρελθόν του will deduction in the
Grace decided she Would present
you like a
Would you turn off the The TV
piece is on. There
of cheesecake?
Our teacher would would learn
TV ,please? It really
often ask us to draw another language. . must be someone
annoys me.
pictures. in the sitting room.
Write will/won’t or would/wouldn’t..
1. ____________________ (you/wait) for a few minutes here, please?
2. They _________________ (visit) their parents when they are on their winter break.
3. She ___________________ (not/go) to the cinema tonight because she has other
plans.
4. Every winter we __________________________ (go) skiing with our friends.
5. ______________________ (you/close) the door to my bedroom, please?
6. _____________________ (you/help) me with my homework, please?
7. If I weren’t ill, I ____________________ (come) to Anna’s birthday party.
8. Tina ________________________ (not/ travel) to Spain this year.
 Shall
★ Για προσφορές και προτάσεις
ΜΟΝΟ με το I ή we

Shall I help you decide what to

SHAL wear for Tom’s birthday party?

L Shall we go to the cinema

tonight?

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 MUST

Υποχρέωση στο Υποχρέωση ή Έντονη σύσταση ή Εκφράζουμε

παρόν ή μέλλον απαγόρευση – νόμοι π΄ρόταση σιγουριά
και κανόνες
Passengers must It’s a good The TV is on. There
I must lose some show the ticket to restaurant. You must be someone
weight. I feel fat. the driver. must go there. in the living room.
 Mustn’t - απαγορεύεται
★ Για να δείξουμε πως κάτι
απαγορεύεται

You mustn't take photos in the

MUST museum.

N’T Students mustn't cheat during

exams.

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 What are semi-
modal verbs?
★ Semi-omdal verbs είδος ρημάτων βοηθητικών ρημάτων.

★ Έχουν άλλους χρόνους (present, past, future).

★ ΄Κλίνονται σε όλα τα πρόσωπα.

Jessica has to stay at home tonight.

Maria and Jake will need to cook dinner for themselves tonight.

★ Πάντα ακολουθούνται από ρήμα με το to.

Sarah will have to stay at home tonight.
The kid needs to tidy his bedroom right now.
 Have/Has to – πρέπει να
Εκφράζει υποχρέωση ή
αναγκαιότητα
We have to finish the project today.

HAVE/
Alex will have to train hard to get on
the football team.
Did you have to babysit yesterday?

HAS
TO
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 Don’t/Doesn’t have to–
δεν πρέπει / δεν χρειάζεται
★ Να δείξουμε πως κάτι δεν είναι
απαραίτητο να γίνει

Mum doesn’t have to work this

DON’T Friday.
I won’t have to cook tomorrow.
/DOESN’T She didn’t have to wake up early
’ HAVE when she was a university student.

TO

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Write must/mustn’t or have to (στον σωστό χρόνο).

1. When I was a teenager, I ___________________ (do) the housework once a month.

2. You _____________________ (not/go out) alone at night because it’s dangerous.
3. We _______________________ (get) to the train station on time or we’ll lose the bus.
4. They ____________________ (tidy) their bedrooms tomorrow before mom comes
home.
5. Tourists ______________________ (not/take) photos of artifacts in the museum.
6. You ______________________ (not/explain) the activity to me because I understand it.
7. Students _______________________ (wear) uniforms in this private school.
8. Tina and Jake ____________________ (plan) Jake’s birthday party today.
 Need to –χρειάζεται
★ Για να δείξουμε ότι κάτι
είναι αναγκαίο να γίνει

NEED Mum needs to take the kids

to the dentist twice a month.

N’T
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 Needn’t – δεν χρειάζεται
★ Για να δείξουμε ότι κάτι δεν
είναι αναγκαίο να γίνει

NEED She needn’t take an umbrella

because it’s a sunny day.

N’T
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Write need to or needn’t (doesn’t / don’t need to) στον σωστό χρόνο.

1. She _____________________ (not take) a taxi because she had her own car.
2. They ____________________ (train) hard before they run the marathon next week.
3. The teacher __________________ (read) the questions because the kids knew what to
do.
4. _________________________ (John/go) to work in a few minutes?
5. The woman _______________________ (not/wait) for the bus yesterday.
6. I ______________________(finish) my project tomorrow because I don’t have time
now.
7. ___________________________ (James / speak) to his mother last night?
8. They ____________________ (call) the restaurant tomorrow to book a table.
 Be able to - μπορώ
★ Να δείξω πως μπορώ να κάνω κάτι
★ Το ρήμα be κλίνεται στον Present
Simple (am, is, are), Past
Simple (was, were), Future

BE Simple (will be).

ABLE Tom is able to swim in the sea.

Ben wasn’t able to get us tickets.

TO
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 Need to –χρειάζεται
★ Το ρήμα κλίνεται σε τους χρόνους
(σαν κανονικό ρήμα).
Present Simple: She needs to sleep
now.

NEED Past Simple: They didn’t need to go

there.

N’T
Future Simple: Will you need me to get
the book for you?

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Write be able to στον σωστό χρόνο.

1. She _____________________ (come) to today’s class.

2. 2. They ____________________ ( check ) my homework yet.
3. The teacher __________________ (
4. _________________________ (you/find) a cheap hotel?
5. The woman _______________________ ( take ) her kid to school tomorrow.
6. I ______________________ ( pay) for the tickets today.
7. ___________________________ ( Sam/buy) a new car this week?
8. They ____________________ (wash) their car tomorrow night.