PRODUCTION

PLANNING AND
CONTROL
Process by which goods or
services are created.

Production
It’s the process of
transforming raw materials
into a finished product
through a series of
planned manufacturing
operations.
Planning
Planning means preparing the scheme in advance before the
actual work is started.

It is predetermination of future course of action to meet the

desired objectives.

Before starting the production, it is necessary to decide in

advance what to produce, how to produce, how much to
produce and where to sell.
Production Planning
Production planning is the predetermination of future
achievement in type of products, volume of production,
quality time, manufacturing cost and the resources
required.

It analyses all the problems that may arise and decides in

advance how to address them.
Production Planning

Production planning is a technique of It considers three fundamental questions

forecasting steps involved in the long run
production process, taking them at the
right time, in the right degree and trying
to complete the operations efficiently. What type of work has to be undertaken?
How this work will be done?
When the work has to completed
Control

Control means supervision of all the relevant operations with the

help of control mechanism that feeds back the progress of the
work.

Controlling is made by comparing the actual performance with

the present standards and deviations, if any, are analysed to take
corrective measures.
Production control
It is process to track and control production flow, amount of
resources, and deviations (if any) from the planned actions.

It includes arrangements for mid course correction in case of

deviations from the original plan so that the production can proceed
as per the original plan.

In nutshell, production control ensures all which is required

to pursue the organizational goal in accordance with the
rules established and instructions issued.
Production Planning and
Control (PPC)
The PPC may be defined as the direction and coordination of the
firm's material and physical facilities towards the accomplishment
of predetermined production goals in the most efficient and
economical manner.
Production Planning and Control
(PPC)
Gordon and Carson observed that production planning and control involve generally in the
organization and planning of manufacturing process.

It consists of the planning of routing, scheduling, dispatching, inspection, and coordination,

control of materials, methods machines, tools and operating times.

The ultimate objective is the organization of the supply and movement of materials and labour,
machines utilization and related activities, in order to bring about the desired manufacturing
results in terms of quality, quantity, time and place.
PPC Contd..
 Planning initiates action while control is an adjusting process,
providing corrective measures for planned development.
 Productioncontrol regulates and stimulates the
manufacturing process from the beginning to the end.
Benefits of Production Planning & Control

Optimum Inventory Economy in Ensure quality

utilization of control production time
capacity
Objectives of Production Planning & Control

The ultimate objective of production planning and

control is to contribute to the profits of the
enterprise.

This is accomplished by keeping the customers

satisfied through meeting of delivery schedules.

Specific objectives of production planning and

control are
Steps in Production Planning & Control
Production planning

Production control planning

Routing

Scheduling

Loading

Dispatching

Following up
 Routing

Routing fixes in In short, routing The main

It is first step in The process of advance: determines objective of
PPC. deciding the ‘What’, ‘How routing is to
path (route) of much’, ‘With determine (fix)
The quantity and quality
work and the which’, ‘How’ the best and
The men, machines,
sequence of materials, etc. and ‘Where’ to cheapest
operations. The type, number and produce. sequence of
sequence of operations and
manufacturing to ensure that
operations, and this sequence is
The place of production followed in the
factory.
Different activities in Routing
An analysis of the article to determine what to make and what to buy

To determine the quality and type of material

Determining the manufacturing operations and their sequence

A determination of lot sizes Determination of scrap factors

Organization of production control forms

Loading
The next step is the execution of the schedule plan as per the route chalked out
which includes the assignment of the work to the operators at their machines or
work places.

Gantt Charts are most commonly used in small industries in order to determine the
existing load and also to foresee how fast a job can be done.
The charts explain the start and finish dates of
It is a type of bar chart that illustrates project
terminal elements and summary elements of a
schedule.
project.
Scheduling
• It determines when an operation is to be
Scheduling is the last of the performed, or when work is to be
planning functions. completed; the difference lies in the detail
of the scheduling procedure.

In a centralized control situation

- where all process planning,
loading, and scheduling for the • On the other hand, the central schedule
plant are done in a central may simply give a completion time for the
office- the details of the
schedule may specify the work in a given department.
starting and finishing time for
an operation.
Production control
Production control is the process of planning production in advance of operations,
establishing the exact route of each individual item part
 or assembly, setting, starting and finishing for each important item
 or the finishing production and releasing the necessary orders as well as
initiating the necessary follow-up to have the smooth function of the
enterprise
Dispatching
Dispatching is release of orders and instructions for starting of the production of an
item as per the route sheet
Movement of tools and
and schedule
Recording of time and
chart.
Movement of work from
Movement of materials Beginning of work on one operation to another Inspecting or
fixtures necessary for cost involved in each
to different workstations each operation in accordance with the supervision of work
each operation operation
route sheet

Dispatching is an important step as it translates production plans into production.

Follow Up
Every production programme involves determination of the progress
of work, removing bottlenecks in the flow of work and ensuring that
the productive operations are taking place in accordance with the
plans.

Follow up delays or deviations from the production plans.

It helps to reveal defects in routing and scheduling,

misunderstanding of orders and instructions, under loading or
overloading of work etc.
 At Last,

Inspection This is mainly Corrective any of those activities of Re-planning Re-planning is

to ensure the measures adjusting the route, not a corrective
quality of rescheduling of work, action. Re-
goods. It can be changing the workloads, planning
required as repairs and maintenance revises routes,
effective of machinery or loads, and
agency of equipment, control over schedules; a
production inventories of the cause new plan is
control. of deviation is the poor developed. In
performance of the manufacturing
employees. this is often
required.