Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy

Overview on Water Supply and Sanitation

and Its Prospects In Ethiopia

March, 2006 EFY

 Presentation Outline
1. Brief Historical Background of the sub-sector
2. Brief Policy and Strategy Concepts in the Sub-
sector
3. Sub-sector’s GTP-1
4. Sub-sector’s GTP-2 Considerations
5. Sub-sector’s Issues
6. Prospects for the Sub-Sector’s Professionals
1. Brief Historical Background
1.1.Responsibility of water supply service provision
was mandated to various public institutions:
• Ministry of Works and Urban Development
• Ministry of Health
• Water Resources Commission
• Ministry of Water Resources
• Ministry of Water and Energy
• Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy , currently
 1.2. Public Institutions Currently Responsible
for Water Supply and Sanitation Services
Currently, Responsibilities are Decentralized:

At Federal Level (Regulatory and capacity building functions)

• Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (Water and Sewerage)
• Ministry of Health (Sanitation and Hygiene)
• Ministry of Urban Development, Housing, and Construction (Urban
water and Sanitation)

At Region Level (monitoring, capacity building, and supporting

functions)
• Regional Water Bureaus
• Regional Health Bureaus (Sanitation and Hygiene)
• Regional Urban Development, Housing and Construction Bureau (Urban
water and Sanitation)
 Continued…
At Zone Level (monitoring, capacity building, and supporting functions)

• Zonal Water Office

• Zonal Health Office
• Zonal Urban Development, Housing and Construction Office

At Woreda Level (Implementation function)

• Woreda Water Office

• Woreda Health office
• Woreda Urban Development, Housing and Construction office
 Continued….

At kebele Level (Implementation function)

•Kebele Health Extension Workers
•Kebele Water Extension Workers

In towns (Implementation function)

• Town Water Utilities
• Municipalities or Town Administrations
• Town Health Offices
• Town Health Extension Workers
 2. Brief Policy and Strategy Concepts

Water Supply Policy Objective:

Enhance the well being and productivity of the Ethiopian
people through provision of adequate, reliable and clean
water supply and sanitation services and foster its tangible
contribution to the economy

Policies' Fundamental Principles:

• As far as condition permit, every citizen shall have
access to sufficient water of acceptable quality, to
satisfy basic human needs,
• Water shall be recognized both as an economic and
social goods. Thus, it is paid for the service,
 Continued..
• The price should be neither too high (discourage
water use) nor too low (encourage abuses),
• Establish a ‘Social Tariff” that enables poor
communities cover O&M costs,
• Priority is given for basic human and livestock
needs, and environment reserve in water
allocation,
• Involvement of all stakeholders in different water
resources management activities,
• Decentralization of O&M and Direct Involvement
of user communities particularly women in O& M,
 Continued…
• Water supply and sanitation services are
inseparable and integrate the same at all levels
through sustainable and coherent Framework,
• Conduct sound water quality monitoring and
analysis,
• Protect water bodies from pollution and
promote improvement of environmental
sanitation.
3. GTP-1 (2003 – 2007 EFY) of the Water Supply Sub-sector

General objective of the plan

• Provide access to safe and sustainable water
supply to all Ethiopian Citizens using low cost
technologies where they are feasible through
community mass mobilization for significant
participation of the beneficiaries in planning,
construction, operation and maintenance.
 Continued…
Standard Service level of GTP-1:
• Rural Water Supply: 15 l/c/day within 1.5 km distance from the water
delivery point
• Urban water supply: 20 l/c/day within 0.5 km distance from the water
delivery point
Specific Objectives of the Plan:
• Achieve 98.5 % WS access coverage (98% rural and 100% urban). To
achieve this, the plan include:
 New Rural WS schemes construction-93,827
 Maintenance/Rehabilitation-58,595
 Urban towns water supply construction- 387 towns
 Population planned to be served –Total 36.9 million, Rural; 33.7
million, urban: 3.2 million
 Budget –6.8 Billion Birr
 Continued….
• Reduce malfunctioning WS schemes to 10%
• Build capacity at all levels
• Increase women’s involvement (to >50%)
• Facilitate legal certification of all WaSHCOs
• Deploy WEWs at 60% of the kebeles
• Train and capacitate at least 2 artisans per kebele
• Strengthen harmonization and WaSH coordination
• Strengthen the sub-sectors’ man-power through short
and long term training
 Continued…

Three years GTP-1 Achievements (2003-2003

EFY):
•Water Supply access coverage reached 68.5%
(Rural 66.5% and Urban 81.3%)
• Number of population served:
Rural; 20.7 million, urban: 1.6 million, total:
22.3 million
Number of rural schemes constructed:
 New construction- 50,750
 Continued…
• Number of urban schemes implemented:
 New schemes constructed: 128 Towns
• Reduction of non-functionality rate of rural
water supply schemes: 14%
Ethiopia has currently met the International
Water Supply Access Coverage Goal (MDG) Set
for 2015 (before 2 years of the target year)
 4. GTP-2 of the water supply sub-sector
In GTP-2, it is anticipated to:

• Increase the water supply service level:

 Rural : 25 l/c/day within 1 km distance from the water point
 Urban: 30 – 100 l/c/day depending on the towns’ category

• Focus will be given to:

 Urban wastewater management facilities design and construction

 Reduction of rural water supply schemes non-functionality rate
and reduction of Non-revenue water in town water supply
 Continued…

 Strengthening O & M of rural and urban water

supply schemes through capacity building of
WaSHCOs and urban water supply utilities
 Strengthening of O & M regulatory and support
system for rural and urban water supplies
 Improving financial self-efficiency of town water
supply utilities
 Enhancing the private sector involvement in water
supply and sanitation intervention (planning, study
and design, construction, O & M etc)
 Build the overall capacity of the sub-sector at all
levels
 5. Sub-sectors’ Issues
• Lack of adequate skilled man power in the public and the
private sector (consultants, contractors, drillers,
suppliers, manufacturing, etc),
• High staff turn-over,
• Lack of practical skills in study, design, contract
administration and supervision of university graduates,
• University graduates are not well acquainted with the
country’s institutional and legal frameworks and
development plans of the sub-sector,
• Non-prevalence of strong link between higher education
institutions and sector organizations ,
 Continued….
• Population Growth (growing water supply
demand),
• Urbanization (population and population density
increasing to a limited area resulting in increase of
water demand and vulnerability to pollution of
water sources etc.),
• Improvement of livelihood of the rural population:
demanding high service level water supply
provision,
• Climate Change: resulting in depletion of water
resources potential
 6. Prospects for sector professionals
• Population growth, urbanization, rural lively hood
improvement, etc results in increasing water supply
demand requiring high investment in the sub-sector
(high work opportunity in the public and the private
sector)
• Urban development requires intervention in urban
waster water management (high work opportunities
in studies, design, contract administration and
supervision)
• Growing financial support to the sub-sector from
sector development partners (more financial inflow
to the sub-sector)
 Continued….

• Good enabling environment for water supply,

sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) coordination (more
donors attraction to the sub-sector)
 WaSH coordination organization in place from federal
to Woreda level,
 MoU signed b/n WaSH sector ministries and Bureaus
at federal and region levels,
 WaSH Implementation Framework (WIF) in place,
 One WaSH National Program document in place,
 Program Operation Manual (POM) prepared ,
 Significant lessons learnt from implementation of GTP-
1 and several donor assisted WaSH programs,
 Continued…
• The country has met the International MDG
target in water supply service provision
enhancing financers’ confidence for future
financing.
Thank you