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Earth Materials & Processes

Power point presentation in Earth and Life science 11

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kyn mairen rodriguez
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16 views

Earth Materials & Processes

Power point presentation in Earth and Life science 11

Uploaded by

kyn mairen rodriguez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Earth Materials &

Processes:
History of the Earth
History of Earth

• Mid 1600’s, Nicholas Steno, a Danish


scientist, studied the relative
positioning of sedimentary rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks are formed particle
by particle and layer by layer.
• Rock layers are also called strata.
History of Earth

• Stratigraphy is the science of rock


strata or layers.
• Stratigraphic Laws are basic principles
that all geologist use in deciphering the
age and characteristics of rock layers.
History of Earth

4 Fundamental Principles of
stratigraphy
1.The Principle of Original Horizontality
2.The Principle of Lateral Continuity
3.The Principle of Superposition
4.The Principle of Faunal Succession
The Grand Canyon
Methods used in Determining the Age of
Stratified Rocks

• A. Relative Dating
Used to arrange geological
events and the rocks they leave
behind in a sequence. The relative
age of the rock is determined by its
position within the strata.
Methods used in Determining the Age of
Stratified Rocks

B. Faunal Dating
The use of animal bones to determine
the age of sedimentary layers nad the
materials embedded within those layers.
Scientist can determine an approximate
age for a layer by examining which species
or genera of animals are buried in it.
C. Absolute Dating
Used to describe any dating
technique that tells how old a rock
specimen is in years. This is
generally an analytical method and
is carried out in a laboratory.
D. Radiometric dating
By measuring the amount of
radioactive decays of a radioactive
isotopes with a known half-life, geologist
can establish the absolute age of the
parent material.
• E. Radioactive Dating
• Independent of all physical and
chemical conditions such as
temperature, pressure and chemical
agents. Using this method allowed
scientist to date thousands of rocks
samples from different parts of the earth.
Fossils
• Any trace of living creatures such as a
recognizable structure or impression of
a structure of an organism like
skeleton, trails or fecal remains that
are imbedded in very old rocks which
at least 5,000 years old.
Geologic Time

• The chronology of the Earth’s formation,


changes, development and existence. These
events are measured on a geological time scale.
• Used by geologists and paleontologist to
describe the timing and relationship between
events that have occurred throughout Earth’s
history.
Boundary “Events”

•The boundary between the


Permian and Triassic
•The boundary between the
Precambrian and the Paleozoic
Geologic Time Scale (GTS)

• The geologic time scale is the


“calendar” for events in Earth history.
It subdivides all time into named units of
abstract time called—in descending
order of duration—eons, eras, periods,
epochs, and ages.
Geologic Time Scale (GTS)

EON
• A very large division of geologic time equal to
a billion years, or a very long period of time.
• the largest (formal) geochronologic time unit and is
the equivalent of a chronostratigraphic eonothem.
[
As of April 2022 there are three formally defined
eons/eonothems: the Archean, Proterozoic, and
Phanerozoic.
ERA
• Smaller time interval that divides an EON.
• the second largest geochronologic time unit and
is the equivalent of a chronostratigraphic
erathem. As of April 2022 there are currently ten
defined eras/erathems.
PERIOD
• Eras are subdivided into periods.
• Each era has atleast 2 periods.
• a major rank below an era and above an epoch. It
is the geochronologic equivalent of a
chronostratigraphic system. As of April 2022 there
are currently 22 defined periods/systems.
EPOCH
• Finer subdivisions of time are possible and
the periods are frequently subdivided into
epochs.
• the second smallest geochronologic unit, between
a period and an age. It is the equivalent of a
chronostratigraphic series. As of April 2022 there
are currently 37 defined and one
DIRECTION

• Choose a partner to help you make your timeline diagram


• Use your arm span from fingertips of one hand to the finger
tip of another hand
• Lie down with your arm stretched out to both side
• Have your partner carefully trace the outline of your hands,
and arms. You may incled your head, too.
• Use this lay out as the diagram where you will plot your
personal timeline
Quiz!

1. Rosalina, a grade 11 student was very interested in


the history of earth. She wants to know if what scientific
avenue of investigation gave scientists the best estimate
of the age of the Earth. Which of the following is the
answer to her query?
a. Archeological dating c. Faunal dating
b. Carbon dating d. Uranium dating
2. Jerome went to a historical museum about the
history of earth. He stumbled upon a place where
represent an era which there was an abundance
of large reptiles. Which of the era?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
3. Ejay wants to know which geologic era
did human being evolve. During which
era does the human being belong?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
4. Science class of Mrs. Valenzona discussed
about the history of earth, however, one of the
students forget how is the age of the earth
determine. Among the following list below,
which is the correct answer?
a. clock c. Fossils
b. absolute dating d. relative dating
5. Which of the following dating
technique requires an extensive
knowledge of stratigraphy?
a. absolute dating
b. Faunal dating
c. Relative dating
d. Radiometric dating
II. Explain the importance of fossils in the
history of earth. 5 pts

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