MEAUSURI

CRIM
NG
CRIME
STATISTIC
Crime statistic are data about the
characteristic of crimes and criminals
used for crime prevention strategy and
used by criminal justice professional to
gain deeper understanding of crime and
society.
THREE MAJOR REASONS FOR
MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS OF
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS.
First, researchers need to collect and
analyze information in order to test
theories about why people commit crime.
The types of data that are collected and
the way they are collected are crucial to
the research process. Criminologists
analyze these data and use their findings
to support or refute theories.
THREE MAJOR REASONS FOR
MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS OF
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS.
The second objective of measurement
is to enhance our knowledge about the
characteristics of various types of
offenses. Experts have argued that this
information is needed if we are to
prevent and develop strategies to
control it.
THREE MAJOR REASONS FOR
MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS OF
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS.
Measurement has a third major objective:
criminal justice agencies"depend on
certain kinds of information to facilitate
daily operations and to anticipate future
needs. Besides the questions that deal
with the day-today functioning of the
system, other questions affect legislative
and policy decisions.
METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA

1.Survey
A survey is the systematic
collection of the respondents' answers to
questions asked in questionnaires or
interviews.
2. Experiment
The experiment is a technique
used in the physical, biological, and
social sciences. An investigator
introduces a change into a process and
makes measurements or observations in
order to evaluate the effects of the
METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA

3. Case Studies
A case study is an analysis of all
pertinent aspects of one unit of study
such as an individual, an institution, a
group, or a community. The source of
information are documents, such as life
histories, biographies, diaries journals,
letters, and other records.
Importance of Crime Statistics

Collecting data on the types, amount,

and impact of crime in any country is
very important in order to be used as
reliable source of crime statistics for law
enforcement administration, operation,
and management. It is also used by
researchers, politicians, and criminal
justice professionals to gain a deeper
understanding of crime and society.
USAGE OF CRIME STATISTICS

1. Predictive Policing
2. Improving Community Relations
3. Budget Formation
4. Resource Allocation
5. Initiative Assessment
USAGE OF CRIME STATISTICS

1. Predictive Policing
Crime statistics can be a tool in
helping criminal justice professionals
anticipate increased risk of crime. This
can be followed up by law enforcement
intervention to prevent the predicted
crimes from occurring.The predictive
policing data can help focus on a specific
area and allow police resources to be
used more effectively.
USAGE OF CRIME STATISTICS

2. Improving Community Relations

Although statistics can't be
reliably used for predicting crime right
now, national crime data are an excellent
tool in helping to improve relations with
the community. Making crime data public
increases transparency. While it can open
criminal justice professionals to scrutiny,
it also allows for a dialogue between law
enforcement and the public they serve.
USAGE OF CRIME STATISTICS
3. Budget Formation
are a crucial part of law enforcement at the
local, state, and federal levels. Making sure
enough money is allocated to the right
locations and programs can make a big
difference in keeping communities safe. Crim
statistics are important in creating accurate
budgets. They can show where more
resources are needed, as well as where fewer
resources are needed as a community grows
safer. Without statistics, it would be
USAGE OF CRIME STATISTICS
4. Resource Allocation
beyond just budgets, crime statistics are
important in broader law enforcement
resource allocation. For example, the data can
be used to help determine which programs or
communities will receive criminal justice
grants. Crime statistics can also be used to
determine where or when police officers will
patrol based on areas or times that see higher
crime.
USAGE OF CRIME STATISTICS
5. Initiative Assessment
Law enforcement initiatives are created to
decrease crime. Crime statistics are important
in determining whether these initiatives are
working or if changes are needed. The data
can show if crime rate is going up of down in
the areas targeted. This can help criminal
justice professional understand whether their
initiatives are successful.
PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL
POLICE UNIT
CRIME
The Letter of Instruction (LOI) 02-09 of
April 22, 2009, established the PNP
uniform crime periodic report. The very
purpose is to promote consistency in the
recording of crime incidence. These
guidelines prescribe a uniform procedure
for the PNP in reporting and collecting
crime data including cases reported to
other law enforcement agencies involved in
the criminal justice system. Further, these
data shall be the working basis for policies
and programs on various anti-criminality
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:
a. CRIMES -include felonies that are
violations of the RPC and offenses that are
violations of special laws.

D. CRIME VOLUME - the number of crime

incidents committed in a given area over a
period of time that include the index and
non index crimes.
CV=Index Crimes + Non-Index Crimes
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:
C. POPULATION - the number of
inhabitants in a given area. The figure to be
used is the medium assumption as per the
records from the National Statistics Office
(NSO) now Philippine Statistics
Authority(PSA).
D.CRIME RATE-is the number of crime incidents
in a given period of time for every 100 000
inhabitants of an are.
Crime Rate = Crime Volume
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:
e. INDEX CRIMES - are crimes that are
serious in nature and tha occur with
sufficient frequency and regularity, such
that they can serve as an index to the
crime situation. Crimes considered as inder
are murder, homicide, physical injury
(serious and less serious/carnapping, cattle
rustling, robbery, theft, and rape.
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:
f. SOLVED CASES-NAPOLCOM M.C. No.94-017
provides that:
1. A case shall be considered solved when the
following elements concur; the offender has been
identified; there is sufficient evidence to charge
him; the offender has been taken into custody;
and the offender has been charged before the
prosecutor's office or court of appropriate
jurisdiction.
2. A case shall be considered solved when some
elements beyond police control prevent the arrest
of the offender, such as when the victim refuses to
prosecute after the offender is identified or the
offender dies or absconds.
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:

CRIME SOLUTION EFFICIENCY - is

the percentage of solved cases out
of the total number of crime
incidents handled by law
enforcement agencies for a given
period of time.

CSE=Solved Cases x100%

Crime Volume
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:

h. CLEARED CASE -
A case shall be considered cleared
when at least one of the offenders
has been identified; there is
sufficient evidence to charge
him/her; and he/she has been
charged before the prosecutor's
office or any other court of
appropriate jurisdiction.Included in
this category are solved cases.
Definition of Terms For purposes of
uniformity, the following terms shall
be operationally defined and used
under the LOl:
i. CRIME CLEARANCE EFFICIENCY - is
the percentage of cleared cases out of
the total number of crime incidents
handled by law enforcement agencies for
a given period of time.
CCE=CC x100
CV

Where:
CC= Cleared Cases
CV= Crime Volume
CCE = Case Clearance Efficiency
CRIME
MAPPING
Crime mapping is the process of visualizing crime
data on a map to identify patterns and trends in
criminal activity. It involves using geographic
information system (GIS) technology to create maps
that display the location and frequency of crimes
within a particular area.
 TYPES OF CRIME
MAPPING
SINGLE SYMBOL MAPPING
• In single-symbol maps, individual, uniform
symbols represent features such as the
location of stores, roads or states
• Single symbol maps are that a GIS place
all points on such a map that share same
address directly on top of one another.
• Making it impossible for the map to show
how many points there really are.
• Simplest type
• Maps are subject to overlapping points if
too many data are analyzed at once.
 TYPES OF CRIME
MAPPING
BUFFERS
• Buffers are common crime mapping
technique that involves creating a circular
area around a particular location or set of
locations. This area is known as a "buffer
zone “and can be used to analyze the spatial
relationship between crime events and other
geographic features.
• In crime mapping, buffers are typically
used to identify areas that are at higher risk
of crime based on their proximity to certain
features, such as schools, parks, or other
high-crime areas.
 TYPES OF CRIME
MAPPING
CHART MAPPING
• Chart mapping is a crime mapping
technique that involves using graphs and
charts to visualize crime data. By displaying
crime data in a chart format, patterns and
trends in crime can be more easily identified
and analyzed.
• Common types of charts used in crime
mapping include bar charts, line charts, and
pie charts. These charts can be used to
display a variety of crime data, including the
frequency of crime events, the types of
crimes committed, and the time and location
 TYPES OF CRIME
MAPPING
DENSITY MAPPING
• Density mapping is a crime mapping
technique that involves using color-coded
heat maps to represent the
concentration of crime events in a
particular area.
• In density mapping, areas with a high
concentration of crime events are
represented by darker shades of color, while
areas with a lower concentration of crime
events are represented by lighter shades of
color.
CRIME TREND
A crime trend is defined as a significant
change in the nature of selected crime types
within a defined geographical area and time
period. It is the measurement of significant
changes in an area's crime pattern over time.
Understanding crime trends in one's country
plays a vital role in planning crime prevention
strategies to be adopted to cope up with the
demand of the society when it comes to
reducing the incidence of crime.
THANK
YOU