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LUNG CANCER-
I
Presented by;
03-M-19 Kainat Fatima
6 1 - M - 1 9 H a f s a Ta r i q
66-M-19 Amna Khalid
74-M-19 Samreen Fatima
84-M-19 Fareeha Khanum

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Cancer;

It is the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells in the body.

It may be metastatic in progressive stages.

LUNG CANCER;

The most common cause of cancer related deaths in men and women.
The disease us mostly caused by tobacco smoking and is metastatic in
most patients.

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Healthy lungMaster title style
Vs cancerous lung;

Healthy lung Lung cancer

. patient

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TYPES;to edit Master title style

SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

• Cancer cells are small and aggressive in nature and have large
growth factors.
• In most cases, at the time of diagnosis the tumor is already
metastasize to other organs.
• These accounts for twenty to twenty five percent of all lung cancers

NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

• It is slow growing tumor and have stated types,

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SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

• Arises centrally in larger bronchi and may spreads both ways.
• Moderate to poor differentiation
• 30 – 40% of all lung cancers
• More common in males
• Metastasis is uncommon but can occur slowly in liver. Adrenal gland
and lymph nodes.
• Assosiated with smoking
• Not diagnosed / visualized via x-ray.

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ADENOCARCENOMA
• Formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissues and are often
found in the periphery of the lung.
• Clearly defined peripheral lesions.
• 40 – 50% of all lung cancers
• Glandular appearance under microscope
• Easily seen on CXR
• Can occur in non-smokers
• Slow metastasis in brain, liver, adrenal gland and bone marrow if any.

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LARGE CELL CARCINOMA

• May occur in any part of the lung and tend to grow and spread faster
than squamous and adenocarcinoma.
• Poorly differentiated
• 15 – 20% off all lung cancers.
• Outer part of lung invades sub-segmental bronchi or larger airways
• Slow metastasis but occurs early in kidney, liver and in adrenal gland.

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cancer;

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Risk factors;

. .

• Gender • Genetic predisposition

• Smoking history • Pollution
• Old age • Lung diseases
• Air flow obstruction • Family history
• Diet low in fruits and veggies

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SIGNStoAND
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LOCALIZED GENERALIZED
involves the lungs Involves other areas in case of metastasis
• Cough / fatigue • Bone pain
• Breathing problems • Headach, neurologic findings
• Blood in phelgeum • Abdominbal pain
• Lung infection , hemoptysis • Elevated LFTs, enlarged liver, GIT
disturbances, anorexia, jaundice
• Hoarseness, hiccups
• Weight loss
• Weight loss
• Chest pain / tightness
• Pleural efflusion

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Early signs Late stage signs

• Cough • Bone pain / spinal compression

• Dyspnea • Chest pain / tightness
• Hemoptysis • Dyspnea
• Chest / shoulder pain • Head and neck pain
• Recurring temperature • Blurred vision, headache, weakness, anorexia,
weight loss, cachexia
• Recurring respiratory infections
• Pleural effluxion
• Liver metastasis / regional spread.

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Pathophysiology;

Malignant
Cellular changes and transformation of
carcinogens Binds with DNA
Abnormal cell growth pulmonary epithelial
cells

Non-specific
inflammatory changes Lesions in lung Bronchogenic
Abnormal proliferation
with mucous tissues carcinoma
hypersecretion

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Diagnosis;

• CXR – A chest x-ray.

• CT scan
• MRI
• Sputumcytology
• Fibreoptic bronchoscopy
• Transthoraccic fine needle aspiration

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Diagnosis;

LAB TESTS
Blood tests
CBC – Tests bone marrow and organ function, function of
RBCs / WBCs and platelets.
Blood chemistry tests - asess how major organs are
functioning like liver and kidneys.
Biopsy
Determin if;
• Tumor is cancerous or not
• Type of cancer
• Grade of cancer

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Lab tests;

• BRONCHOSCOPY

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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Lab tests;

• Endoscopy

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

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Your time is
well
appreciated.

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“
I felt my lungs inflate with the
onrush of scenery – air, mountain,
trees, people, I thought “This is
what it is to be happy”
- Sylvia Plath- The bell jar.

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