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Treatment of High Strength

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Keyur Rupavatiya
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11 views33 pages

Treatment of High Strength

Uploaded by

Keyur Rupavatiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Treatment of High

Strength/Concentrated
Wastewater

BE Semester – 7
Industrial Wastewater Pollution & Control
Environmental Engineering Department
L.D. College of Engineering , Ahmedabad.
Introduction

 High strength wastewater is characterized by having an elevated


concentration of organic matter, solids, or fats, oils and greases.

 The wastewater quality depends on the water use and waste


generation sources.

 High strength wastewater requires special type of treatment train


depending on the waste characteristics.
High strength wastewater can result from different
type of industries like :

 Dyes and Dye intermediates


 Dairy industry
 Sugar industry
 Corn starch industry
 Distilleries
 Textile industry
 Pharmaceutical industry
 Other chemical industries
Sources of high strength wastewaters are :

 Reaction and unit operation waste - High TDS and High


COD
 RO Reject (Process & Drinking Water) - High TDS
 Scrubber Blowdown - High TDS
 Cooling Tower Bleed off - High TDS
 Boiler Blowdown - High TDS
 Softener Regeneration waste - High TDS
 Demineralization waste - High TDS
Treatment technologies for high strength wastewater:

 Biological treatment
 Chemical oxidation treatment/ AOP
 Thermal treatment and Crystallization
 Membrane technology followed by thermal treatment
Biological Treatment

 The wastewater which has high concentration of organic matter but is


biodegradable then such wastewater can be treated by biological treatment.
 Treatments include :

 Anaerobic treatment followed by aerobic treatment


 Extended aeration systems
 Lagoons
 Anaerobic digesters/bioreactors
 Trickling filter and others,
Chemical Oxidation/AOP

 These are a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove


organic and sometimes inorganic materials in water and wastewater by
oxidation through reactions with hydroxyl radicals.
 Treatment processes include :

 UV/H2O2 (Photo-oxidation)
 Ozone based AOP
 Photo-catalytic oxidation with TiO2
 Fenton’s reagent process and others
Thermal Treatment

 Multi Effect Evaporators (MEE)

 Spray Dryer

 Incinerator
Objectives of thermal treatment for high
strength wastewater

 Water recycling
 Separation of dissolved solids from effluent
 Removal of heavier organic compound
 Recovery of valuable inorganic and organic matters
Thermal treatment mainly includes :

Evaporation
Natural Evaporation
Forced Evaporation
Wet combustion/Wet air oxidation
Incineration
Natural Evaporation by Evaporation Ponds

 Evaporation ponds are artificial ponds with very large surface areas that are
designed to efficiently evaporate water by sunlight and exposure to the
ambient temperatures.

Natural evaporation ponds


Application of evaporation ponds

 Salt evaporation ponds produce salt from seawater.


 They are also used to dispose of brine from desalination plants.
 Mines use ponds to separate ore from water.
 Evaporation ponds at contaminated sites remove the water from hazardous
waste, which greatly reduces its weight and volume and allows the waste to be
more easily transported, treated and stored.
 Evaporation ponds are used to prevent pesticides, fertilizers and salts from
agricultural wastewater from contaminating the water bodies they would flow
into.
Drawbacks of evaporation ponds

 Expensive option
 Risk of underlying soil and groundwater pollution
 Needs dry climates with high evaporation rates
 Requires large areas of land with a level terrain
 Needs regular monitoring.
Forced/Thermal Evaporation

 Forced or Thermal Evaporation methods include :


 Evaporation Plants with or Without Thermal Vapor Recompression (TVR)
 Evaporation Plants with or Without Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)

 Evaporation Plants are generally of following type:


 Natural Circulation Evaporation Plants
 Falling Film Evaporation Plants
 Rising Film Evaporation Plants
 Forced Circulation Evaporation Plants
 Plate Type Evaporation Plants
 Multi – Effect Evaporation/Distillation Plants
Multi-Effect Evaporator (MEE)

Multi-effect evaporation is used as a crystallizer, uses the steam


produced from evaporation in one effect to provide the heat to
evaporate product in a second effect.
Principle of MEE

 A multiple-effect evaporator is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat


from steam to evaporate water.
 In a multiple-effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels,
each held at a lower pressure than the last.
 Because the boiling point of water decreases as pressure decreases, the
vapor boiled off in one vessel can be used to heat the next, and only the first
vessel (at the highest pressure) requires an external source of heat.
 The concentrate obtained from the MEE is totally a salt slurry, this slurry is
then sent to the open-pan crystallizer to obtain a dry salt.
Working of MEE

Schematic diagram of a Multi-effect evaporator plant


Actual multi-Effect Evaporator plant
INCINERATION

 Incineration is a practical process that is based on the


principle of thermal oxidation of wastewater
containing organics into simpler end products like
CO2 and H2O.

 For high strength wastewaters, if it’s not feasible to


go for any of the previously discussed technologies
then incineration of the wastewater can be carried out.
Components of a Wastewater incinerator

 Source of energy (fuel/waste oil)


 Incinerator vessel (primary and/or secondary)
 Liquid injection system
 Waste heat recovery system
 Quencher and air pollution control equipments
 Auxiliary equipments
Schematic diagram of a wastewater incineration plant
Working of Liquid
Incinerator:

 The incinerator is maintained at a liquid waste decomposition temperature


through fuel and/or waste oil combustion in the burner (vortex type).

 Liquid waste is supplied to the incinerator by liquid injector after atomization


and is subsequently completely decomposed. When liquid wastes include
salts, these are melted and continuously discharged from the incinerator.

 The incinerator that employs a vortex burner and liquid injector, completely
decomposes organic compounds using a combustion temperature 950°C, a
combustion air ratio of 1.2, and a combustion gas retention time of 2 seconds.
Working of Liquid
Incinerator:

 COD removal rate = 99.99% or greater


 COD≦ 20mg/L in effluent water from the quencher

 The vortex burner produces vortex flow in the incinerator. Therefore,


combustion heat can be mixed extremely effectively and without irregular
points (cool spots).

 Therefore, when liquid waste includes Cl and/or S, it can be captured in the


incinerator using sodium to produce NaCl and Na 2SO4.
Working of Liquid
Incinerator:

 The vortex burner is also capable of combustion under reduced


O2 conditions.

 Therefore, when liquid wastes include N, we can reduce NO X using


NH3 feed to produce uncatalyzed denitration under reduced
O2 combustion conditions.
A typical spentwash incineration facility
Spray Drying
Components of Spray
Dryer
References

1) Antal Tungler, Erika Szabados and Arezoo M. Hosseini, Wet


Air Oxidation of Aqueous Wastes
2) Jayesh Parikh, Segregation and thermal treatment of high
strength effluents
3) K.Prakash, Fives Cail-KCP Limited, Spent wash Incineration
Technology
4) Yadav Surbhi Ashok, TECHNO-ECONOMIC OPTIONS FOR
THE TREATMENT OF HIGH TDS RO REJECT FROM A
TEXTILE INDUSTRY TO ACHIEVE WATER RECYCLING
AND COST SAVINGS
Thank You

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