Part-2 Analysis of Data
Part-2 Analysis of Data
Classification Tabulation
It is not based on tabulation. It is based on classification.
Here, the data are divided into Here the data are distinguished
different categories on the basis by lines of different colours or
of similarity and dissimilarity . different dimensions.
It is a process of statistical It is a method of presentation of
analysis. data.
Data is divided into classes and Data are presented in the form
sub classes. of headings and sub headings.
Percentage, ratio etc are not Percentage, ratio etc. are shown
shown in classification. in tabulation.
Tabular Presentation of Data
The process of presenting the classified data into tabular form is called
tabulation of data.
It involves the orderly and systematic presentation of numerical data in
a form which is designed to elucidate the problem under investigation.
It is an orderly arrangement of data into columns and rows.
It is a scientific process involving the presentation of classified data in
the form of table in an orderly manner so as to bring out their essential
features and chief characteristics.
Importance of Tabulation
Table number
Title
Stub (Heading of horizontal rows)
Caption (Heading of vertical columns)
Main Body
Head note /Preferatory note
Footnote
Source Note
Illustration of a table
Foot note
Source note
Rules for Tabulation
Proper size
Should be in accordance to the objective of
the statistical investigation.
Should provide for easy comparison
Clarity and be easily understandable
Data in tables should be in their original form
Irrelevant data should be avoided.
Explanatory notes should be incorporated.
Kinds of Tables
B) Derivative Table – This table presents the data that has passed through various
mathematical or statistical operations like grouping , totalling, averaging etc.
Kinds of Tables
Here the classification can be done on the basis of gender and coffee habits
. let us assume that no. of persons in each town is 100.
Town X: Females = 40 (given) , so Males = 60 .(100-40)
Total Coffee drinkers = 45(given) ,so total non coffee drinkers = 55( 100-
45)
Male non coffee drinkers = 20(given), Female non coffee drinkers = 35 (55-
20)
Male coffee drinkers = 40, (60-20), Female coffee drinkers = 5 (40-35)
Presentation of Textual data in
Tabular Form
Questionnaire Design
Merits & Demerits
Steps of designing questionnaire
Essentials of a good questionnaire
Questionnaire Design
Structured Questionnaires
i) Facilitates the collection of information in a systematic and
orderly manner as the questions have been formulated in
advance.
ii) This kind of questionnaire calls for simple and straightforward
approach on the part of interviewers. As such, less qualified
interviewers can be deployed in canvassing such a questionnaire.
iii) Such questionnaires makes it far easier to edit, tabulate and
interpret the data it contains.
iv) A structured questionnaire can be conveniently pre tested so
that suitable modifications can be made in phrasing or
sequencing of questions.
TYPES