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HRE

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Avelino Perocho
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22 views46 pages

HRE

Uploaded by

Avelino Perocho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slide Title 1

Slide Title 1
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WHAT IS AN INTERSECTION ROAD?
WHAT IS AN INTERSECTION ROAD?
TYPES OF INTERSECTION OF ROADS

There are two main types of intersection of roads.

At-grade Intersection
Grade-Separated Intersections or
Interchanges
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 At-grade intersections in which all the exchanges


between the roads take place on the same plane.

 The traffic maneuverers like merging, diverging,


crossing and weaving are involved in the
intersection at grade.
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 The various forms of intersections are:


AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 These are the types of at-grade intersections:

 Un-Channelized
 Channelized
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 UN-CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION
 Intersection area is paved and there are absolutely no
restrictions to vehicles to use any part of the intersection
area.

 Un-channelized (all-paved) intersections are the lowest class


of intersection, easiest in the design but most complex in
traffic operations resulting in maximum conflict area, unless
controlled by traffic signals or police.
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 UN-CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION

 Has two types:


• Plain/Simple Intersection
• Flared Intersection
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 UN-CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION
PLAIN/SIMPLE INTERSECTION
 Simple intersections maintain the street’s typical cross‐
section and number of lanes throughout the intersection, on
both the major and minor streets.

 Simple intersections are best‐suited to locations where


auxiliary (turning) lanes are not needed to achieve the
desired level‐of‐service, or are infeasible due to nearby
constraints.

 Generally, simple intersections provide the minimum crossing


distances for pedestrians and are common in low‐volume
Slide title 3

PLAIN/SIMPLE
INTERSECTION
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 UN-CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION

FLARED INTERSECTION
 Flared intersections expand the cross‐section of the street
(main, cross or both). The flaring is often done to
accommodate a left‐turn lane, so that left turning bicycles
and motor vehicles are removed from the through‐traffic
stream to increase capacity at high‐volume locations, and
safety on higher speed streets.
Slide title 3

FLARED INTERSECTION
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION
 CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION

 The concept of channelization is the design of traffic lanes


and islands/medians in a way that provides definite paths for
vehicles to follow through an intersection.

 Effective channelization reduces points of conflicting traffic


movements and helps to separate traffic flow.

 If no channelizing is provided the driver will have less


tendency to reduce the speed while entering the intersection
from the carriageway.
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION

 There are two types and they are:

 Partial Channelization
 Complete Channelization
AT-GRADE INTERSECTION

 CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION

ROTARY INTERSECTION (ROUNDABOUT)


 The roundabout is a channelized intersection with one‐
way traffic flow circulating around a central island. All traffic
—through as well as turning—enters this one‐way flow.
Although usually circular in shape, the central island of a
roundabout can be oval or irregularly shaped.
ROTARY INTERSECTION
Slide title 5
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 "Grade-separated intersections" refers to the various


means of significantly increasing the capacity or
resolving physical constraints by grade-separating
the through movements on two intersecting
roadways and interconnecting the two with ramps or
roadways that form one or more intersections.
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 Grade-separated is the separation of intersecting


roads achieved by means of a bridge or interchange
thus eliminating all crossing conflicts at the
intersection.
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 Classification of Grade-Separated Intersection


 A comprehensive classification plan for grade
separated intersection design which includes
all possible geometric patterns. The design
and operational characteristics of each of the
major interchange types are mentioned as
follows and are discussed in the following
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 UNDERPASS
 An underpass or a tunnel is an underground
passageway, completely enclosed expect for
openings for ingress and egress, commonly at
each end.

 A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic,


for rail traffic.
Slide title 5
UNDERPASS
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 OVERPASS
 An overpass also known as a flyover, is a bridge,
road, railway or similar structure that crosses over
another road or railway.

 A pedestrian overpass allows pedestrians safe


crossing over busy without impacting traffic.
Slide title 5
OVERPASS
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 TRUMPET INTERSECTION
 Trumpet interchanges have been used where one
highway terminates at another highway.

 These involve at least one loop ramp connecting


traffic either entering or leaving the terminating
expressway with the far lanes of the continuous
highway.
TRUMPET
Slide title 5INTERSECTION
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 DIAMOND INTERSECTION
 A diamond interchange is a common type of road
junction, used where a freeway crosses a minor road.
 The diamond interchange uses less space than most
types of freeway interchange, and avoids the
interweaving traffic flows that occur in interchanges
such as the cloverleaf.
 Diamond interchanges are most effective in areas
DIAMOND
Slide title 5INTERSECTION
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 CLOVERLEAF INTERSECTION
 A cloverleaf interchange is a two-level interchange in
which left turns are handled by ramp roads.

 To go left (in right-hand traffic), vehicles first continue


as one road passes over or under the other, then exit
right onto a one-way three-fourths loop ramp (270˚)
and merge onto the intersecting road.
CLOVERLEAF
Slide title 5 INTERSECTION
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 PARTIAL CLOVERLEAF INTERSECTION


 Partial clover leaf is a modification that combines
some elements of a diamond interchange with one
or more loops of a cloverleaf to eliminate only the
more critical turning conflicts.

 It provides more acceleration and deceleration


space on the freeway.
PARTIAL
Slide titleCLOVERLEAF
5 INTERSECTION
GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTION

 ROTARY INTERCHANGE
 It is provided at circular junctions where traffic is
permitted to flow in one direction around central
island and one road axis is raised above the rotary
intersection or the rotary intersection is raised
above the road to allow grade separation.
ROTARY
Slide titleINTERCHANGE
5
Thank
you!

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