CONTENTS

 History of Internet and Web

 Protocols Governing Web
 Writing Web Projects
 Web Development Strategies

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 INTERNET
It is an utility connecting localized computer networks with computer networks that extend
across a wider area, like a region or a continent.

- The term 'Internet' comes out of the concept of 'internetworking'

- Two recent adaptations of the Internet technology are: Intranet

anda)Extranet.
Intranet :
It is an internal private network built within an organization
using Internet and WWW standards that allows employees of an
organization to gain access to corporate information.

b) Extranet :
A network that is accessible only to the members of
organization and external members with logins.
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 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
• The Internet grew out of many developments in computer networking and telecommunications
research.
• Early projects undertaken in early 1960’s by the US military (known as DARPAnet).
• Started with a dozen of Networked computer systems of universities and institutions, allowing
computers to be shared.
• Only people in the government, military and academic had access to the network.
• In 1991, the National Science Foundation (NFS) allowed commercial access to the internet.
• With this, all kinds of agencies began to use the Internet to communicate, exchange data and
distribute information.

** ISPs are required now ***

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Internet Service Provider):

- It is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the

Internet and other related services such as Web site development and hosting
(web site storage).

-The larger ISPs have their own high-speed leased lines and can provide better
service to their customers.

 Commercial ones out there:

www.aol.com, join.msn.com,

www.NetZero.com, www.Guno.com, …

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World-Wide Web (WWW):

The WWW is a pair of s/w applications, which allow both distribution of and
access to information on the Internet.
- The web is not the Internet but a means of distributing and accessing the
information that is available on it.

History of the -Introduced in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (Geneva)

WWW
- It makes information instantly and conveniently
available to anyone with a connection.

- Communities can stay in touch with one another.

- Researchers can learn of scientific and academic

breakthroughs worldwide. 5
 PROTOCOLS GOVERNING
WEB
A protocol is a set of rules that is used to communicate applications to each other.

List of Protocols:

a) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ):

• Set of protocols allow computers to share resources across a network.
• TCP/IP
• They provide a few basic services (file transfer, electronic mail, remote
• UDP logon, etc…) across a network.
• FTP • It is connection-oriented protocol and stateful protocol
• HTTP
• SMTP
• Telnet b) UDP: is a simple, connectionless alternative to TCP ;
used in many Internet applications that require only simple
query/response

c) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

- It is the standard used to transfer files over the Internet.
- It is Stateful protocol.
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cont…

d) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):

• It is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and
other multimedia files) on the WWW.
• It is a Stateless Protocol, means request is considered as the new request.
In other words, server doesn't recognize the user by default.
• It is a request response protocol. It uses the reliable TCP connections by default
on TCP port 80.

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Methods of HTTP
HTTP Description
Request

GET Asks to get the resource at the requested URL.

POST It is like GET request with extra info sent with the request.

HEAD Asks for only the header part of whatever a GET would return. Just like GET but
with no body.

TRACE Asks for the loopback of the request message, for testing or troubleshooting.

PUT Says to put the enclosed info (the body) at the requested URL.

DELETE Says to delete the resource at the requested URL.

OPTIONS Asks for a list of the HTTP methods to which the thing at the request URL can
respond

e) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):

It is the standard protocol used to exchange Internet mail
between TCP/IP
hosts. “Message Handling Systems”
f) Telnet :
Telnet lets you remotely log into another system and browse
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files and directories on that remote system
 WEB PROJECTS

Web project development is different from other software developments projects in

terms of
• Development time is much smaller ( 3 to 6 months).
• Team of Web projects changes on project basis.
• Rapid changing technologies.
Project mission Write the specific mission statement that you want to
statement do.
Phases of web
projects: Identify Objectives Specific, Measurable , Attainable , Realistic v. Time
limited

Identify your target This is totally depend upon i. Market research ii. Focus
users group iii. Understanding the audiences
Determine the scope By supporting documents and client’s approval.

Budget i. Assumption for budgets. ii. Budget categories. iii.

Determine hidden costs and tools.
Planning issues i. Discuss client’s existing information system. ii.9
Project team & developing infrastructure. iii. Where
Differences between Web Project and Traditional
project Web Project Traditional Project

Attractive GUI GUI not good-looking

Functionality is public oriented Functionality is defined to an organization

Web Project beta technologies are used mature technologies are used
vs.
Globally usable hence less secured More secured
Traditional project
A pricing model does not exist A pricing model exists

Team members are less

specialized Team roles are more specialized

After completion, changes possible After completion, no frequent changes

Clients are often the unwilling to Clients takes all the expenses related to
bear the costs of web development project development

Project manager has the full Various managers at different levels have
responsibility of project the responsibility of project development
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 WEB TEAM
• There can be two types of Web Teams.
• Service side
Service side web teams are hired by a company to develop a web site

• Client side
Client side web teams are part of the company that is putting together
the web site.

Be it on the service side or the client side, the web team should have:

- Strong strategic components

- Strong content management
- Production process and IT component.
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CORE TEAM MEMBERS
EXTENDED TEAM
MEMBERS
• Projects Manager
• Technical Leader • Account manager
• Web Production Specialist • Programmer
• Creative Header • Network Engineer
• Designers • Information Architect
• Production Artist • Copy Writer
• Quality Assurance Leader • Tester

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WEB DEVELOPMENT
- Refers to building website and deploying on the web.
- Requires use of scripting languages both at the server end as well as at client
end.

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Web Development Process

1) Strategy: 2) Design and

•Goals and objectives 3) Produced desired
Specification: Result:
•Team building •Developing concept •Build prototype
•Research and review •Content planning •Prototype testing
•Project proposal •Rough design •Original design
•Final design •Satisfy the clients need
5) Register with ISP:
4) Testing and •Register domain name
maintenance: •Get web space
•Test the code
•Maintain the web server
6) Launch:
•Connect domain name with web server
•Finally host the web accordingly. 14
Difference between Website and Web Application

Website: It is a group of globally accessible, interlinked web pages which have a single domain name.
It can be developed and maintained by an individual, business or organization. The website aims to
serve a variety of purposes. Example: Blogs.
A website is hosted on a single or multiple web server.

Prime reasons why you need a website:

•An effective method to showcase your products and services, helps to create your social proof,
branding your business, to achieve your business goals, increase your customer support

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 cont…

Web Application: It is a software or program which is accessible using any web browser. Its frontend is usually
created using languages like HTML, CSS, Javascript, which are supported by major browsers. While the backend
could use any programming stack like LAMP, MEAN, etc. Unlike mobile apps, there is no specific SDK for developing
web applications.

Popular because of the following reasons:

•Compared to desktop applications, web applications are easier to maintain by as they use the same code in the
entire application. There are no compatibility issues.
• can be used on any platform: Windows, Linux, Mac… as they all support modern browsers.
• accessed 24 hours of the day and 365 days a year from any PC.
•Web-Based Apps are Internet-enabled apps that are accessed through the mobile's web browser. Therefore, you
don't require to download or install them.
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Parameter Web Application Website

A website mostly consists of static

A web application is designed for
Created for content. It is publicly accessible to
interaction with the end user
all the visitors.

In a web application, the user not A website provides visual & text
only read the page content but content which user can view and
User interaction
also manipulate the restricted read, but not affect it 's
data. functioning.

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