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2.Matrices and Determinants

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Manish uphadhaya
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7 views

2.Matrices and Determinants

Uploaded by

Manish uphadhaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S P Jain

Bachelor of Data Science


(Year 1)
Linear Algebra
Semester -2

MATHEMATICS (103)

LINEAR ALGEBRA 12/02/2024. A Choudhury 1


Session 2
 Matrices
 Matrix operations
 Transpose of a matrix
 Inverse of a matrix
 Elementary matrices
 Invertibility and system of linear equations
 Special matrices

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 2


Matrices
Algebra of matrices
1. Addition, subtraction and scalar
multiplication – dimension /size
compatibility
2. Product of two matrices-
Rule :

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 3


Matrix multiplication with a
column/row matrix

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 4


Partitioned matrices

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 5


Inverse of a matrix
 Transpose of a matrix A of order m x n is a
matrix A’ of order n x m.
 Inverse of a matrix
 Properties of inverse
 Uniqueness and existence of the inverse of

matrix A
 Properties of transpose

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 6


Elementary Matrices
 E – an elementary matrix
 Meaning of EA
 Representation of an inverse of a square

matrix as a product elementary matrices.


 Inverse of a matrix by elementary row

operations

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 7


Equivalence theorem

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 8


Special Matrices
Diagonal matrices
Triangular – Upper triangular and lower triangular
matrices
Symmetric Matrices

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 9


Revisiting Gaussian Elimination

Ax=b ⇒ Ux =c (Gaussian elimination)


 A linear system Ax =b becomes upper triangular after elimination.
 We subtract lij times a row j from row i, to make the entry (i,j) zero.

 A=

 L=

 1.0000 0 0
 0 1.0000 0
 0.5000 0.3333 1.0000

 U=

 2.0000 2.0000 -1.0000


 0 -3.0000 3.0000
 0 0 -0.5000

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 10


Determinant

 Definition
 Cofactor matrix
 Inverse of a matrix
 Cramer’s Rule
 Elementary matrices
 Properties of determinants

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 11


Cofactor Matrix, Adjoint
Matrix

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 12


A combinatorial approach to
determinants
Elementary Associated Even /odd Sign
Product permutation
1,2,3 even +
1,3,2 odd -
2,3,1 even +
2,1,3 odd -
3,1,2 even +
3,2,1 odd -

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 13


Determinants

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 14


Properties of determinants
 A (adj A) = (adj A) A= |A|I
 If A is a n x n matrix (A is upper/lower triangular, diagonal) then |
A|= product of elements in the diagonal
 If A is a n x n matrix (A is upper/lower triangular or triangular,
then the successive diagonal entries of A-1 are __________.
 |AB| = |A||B|
 |kA| = k n |A| if A is a nxn matrix.
 A is invertible |A-1| = 1/|A| if A is invertible.
 If two rows/columns of A are equal then |A|=0.
 |I|=1
 If a row/column of A is zero then |A|=0.
 |A’| = |A|
 If A is invertible then |A|≠0.
 If A is singular then |A|=0.

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 15


Evaluation of determinant by row
reduction

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 16


Thank
You

Linear Algebra -1 BDA SEM 2 12/02/2024 17

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