Lesson: 3

Chapter: 1

SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION of
SAMPLE MEANS
Prepared by Trisha Domagos
Example:
•A population consists of the
numbers 2,4,9,10, and 5. Let
us list all possible sample size
of 3 from this population and
compute the mean of each
sample.
 SAMPLE MEAN

2,4,9 5.00

How did we get 2,4,10 5.33

the sample? 2,4,5 3.67

2,9,10 7.00

2,9,5 5.33

2,10,5 5.67

How did we get 4,9,10 7.67

the mean? 4,9,5 6.00

4,10,5 6.33

9,10,5 8.00
A. Steps in Solving
SAMPLE
• 1st Step:
• Copy the numbers that will be
solve.
•A population
consists of the
numbers 2,4,9,10,
and 5.
How to confirm the total amount of the
outcomes?

Use this.
Formula
:
N C n'
 Solution: Population Size

NC
N
= ———— N= 5 n= 3
n'
n! ( N-n)!
Sample Size

1st Step:
⚫Determine the population size
and sample size.
2nd Step:
⚫Write down the corresponding
number to the formula.
N! 5!
N C n' = ———— =—————
n! ( N-n)! 3! ( 5 - 3 )!
3rd Step:

⚫ Do factorial.

N! 5.4.3!
C
N n'
= ———— =—————
n! ( N-n)! 3!2!
4th Step:
⚫ Look the number in the denominator and
numerator if there is factorial number that are
the same.
N! 5.4.3!
C
N n'
= ————
n! ( N-n)!
=————
3! 2!
5th Step:
⚫ Cancel the same number with the same !.
6th Step: Last Step:
⚫Factor 2. ⚫Multiply both
numerator and
denominator.
N! 5!
C = ———— = ————
N n' n! (N-n)! 3! (5-3)!

5.4.3! 5. 4 20
= ——— = —— = —— = 10
3!2! 2.1 2
Answer:

⚫ There are 10 possible

outcomes of samples of size 3
that can be drawn from the
given data.
Last Step: SAMPLE MEAN

2,4,9 5.00
• Pair a three numbers 2,4,10 5.33
by row and by 2,4,5 3.67
sequence. 2,9,10 7.00

2, 4, 9, 10, 5 2,9,5

2,10,5
5.33

5.67

4,9,10 7.67

4,9,5 6.00
2, 4, 9 4,10,5 6.33

9,10,5 8.00

2, 4, 10 And so on...
Next
B. Steps in Solving
MEAN
• 1st Step:
• Add the three numbers in the
first combination.
Example: SAMPLE

2,4,9
MEAN

5.00

🟣2, 4, 9 2,4,10 5.33

Solution: 2,4,5 3.67

2,9,10 7.00

2 + 4 + 9 = 15 2,9,5

2,10,5
5.33

5.67

4,9,10 7.67

4,9,5 6.00

4,10,5 6.33

9,10,5 8.00
SAMPLE MEAN • Last Step:
2,4,9 5.00
• Divide the
2,4,10

2,4,5
5.33

3.67
answer by
2,9,10 7.00
three .
Solution:
2,9,5 5.33

2,10,5 5.67 15 ÷ 3 = 5
4,9,10 7.67

4,9,5 6.00

4,10,5 6.33

9,10,5 8.00

Do it the rest.
Next....
 Frequency

3.67 1

5.00 1

5.33 2

5.67 1

6.00 1
How to get
6.33 1
Frequency?
7.00 1

7.67 1

8.00 1

TOTAL 10
STEPS IN GETING FREQUENCY:

1st Step:
⚫ Arrange the numbers to the
smallest to the biggest.
 MEAN MEAN
Example:
5.00 3.67

5.33 5.00
3.67
5.33
7.00
5.67
5.33
6.00
5.67
6.33
7.67
7.00
6.00
7.67
6.33

8.00 8.00
2nd Step:
⚫Count the same number.

3rd Step:
⚫List down one by one the number
that are the same kind that you
count.
 Frequency

3.67 1

5.00 1

5.33 2

5.67 1

6.00 1

6.33 1

7.00 1

7.67 1

8.00 1

TOTAL ?
Final Step:
⚫Add the number that you list in the
FREQUENCY to make sure that the
numbers is the same to the original
that you list in the problem.
1+1+2+1+ 1+1+1+1+1= 10
Frequency
3.67 1
Solution: 5.00 1

5.33 2

5.67 1

6.00 1

6.33 1

7.00 1

7.67 1
ANSWER:
8.00 1

TOTAL 10
Next...
 Frequency Probability
P( x )

3.67 1 1/10= 0.10

5.00 1 1/10= 0.10

5.33 2 2/10= 0.20

5.67 1 1/10= 0.10

6.00 1 1/10= 0.10 How to get

PROBABILITY?
6.33 1 1/10= 0.10

7.00 1 1/10= 0.10

7.67 1 1/10= 0.10

8.00 1 1/10= 0.10

TOTAL n=10 1.00

Steps in getting
PROBABILITY:

1st Step:
⚫Determine the P and x.
 Frequency Probability
P( x )
3.67 1 1/10= 0.10
x
5.00 1 1/10= 0.10

5.33 2 2/10= 0.20

5.67 1 1/10= 0.10

6.00 1 1/10= 0.10

6.33 1 1/10= 0.10

7.00 1 1/10= 0.10

7.67 1 1/10= 0.10

8.00 1 1/10= 0.10

TOTAL n=10 1.00

P
 Frequency Probability
2nd Step: P( x )
3.67 1 1/10= 0.10
⚫Divide.
5.00 1 1/10= 0.10
Solution: 5.33 2 2/10= 0.20

5.67 1 1/10= 0.10

RED:
1 ÷ 10 =0.10 6.00 1 1/10= 0.10

6.33 1 1/10= 0.10

GREEN: 7.00 1 1/10= 0.10
2 ÷ 10 = 0.20
7.67 1 1/10= 0.10

8.00 1 1/10= 0.10

TOTAL n=10 ?
Last Step:
⚫Add the PROBABILITY answers.

Solution:

0.10 + 0.10 + 0.20 + 0.10 + 0.10 +

0.10 + 0.10 + 0.10 + 0.10= 1.00
 Frequency Probability
P( x )
3.67 1 1/10= 0.10

5.00 1 1/10= 0.10

5.33 2 2/10= 0.20

5.67 1 1/10= 0.10

6.00 1 1/10= 0.10

6.33 1 1/10= 0.10

7.00 1 1/10= 0.10

7.67 1 1/10= 0.10

Final answer.
8.00 1 1/10= 0.10

TOTAL n=10 1.00

Chapter:2

FINDING THE MEAN AND

VARIANCE of the
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
of MEANS
 We must KNOW:

x²
1.The mean of the sampling distribution
or the mean of the sample means(M )
which equals to the mean of the
population(M).

Σ[x² . P(x) -M²]

2.The variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means (σx^2)
is given by:
σ²x = Σ[P(x) . (x-M)²] or
Σ[x² . P(x) -M²]

σ² N-n
Or σ²x = — . ———
n N-1
For finite population (without replacement); and
 σ² for infinite
σ² x = — population (with
n . replacement).
3.the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution, or standard error of the same
mean is given by:
σ² N - n For finite population
σ² x = — . √——— where (N-n)/(N-1) is
√n N-1 the finite population
correction factor
 σ
σ² x = — for infinite population.
n
Example:
⚫ A population consists of the
numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. Let us list
all possible sample size of 3 from this
population and compute the mean
of each sample.
Questions that must be
answered:
1) What is the mean and variance of the
sampling distribution of the sample
means?

2) Compare these values to the mean

and variance of the population.

3) Draw the histogram of the sampling

distribution of the sample mean.
This Are the STEPS:
Solution: ∑X
1. Compute M= ——
the mean of N
the = 2 + 4 + 9 + 10 + 5
population —————————
(M). 5
= 6.00
How to get this?
1st Step:
⚫Add the numbers in the
problem.

2 + 4 + 9 + 10 + 5 = 30
Last Step:

⚫Divide the answer to the total

number that you add.

30 ÷ 5 = 6
Solution:

∑X
M= ——
N
= 2 + 4 + 9 + 10 + 5
—————————
5 So the mean of the
= 6.00 population is 5.00.
Next...
 2. Compute X X-M (X-M)²

the variance
of the 2 4 16

population 4 2 4
(σ).
9 3 9

What is the procedure 10 4 16

to solve this?
5 -1 1

Σ(X-M) ² =46
 Σ( X-M )²
Solution: σ=————
N
46
=———
6
=9.2

⚫ How did you get the answer?

⚫Where the numbers came from?
1st Step:
Subtract the X to mean of the
population ( M).

Example:
2-6=4 Mean is the answer in the
number 1 step.
2nd Step:
⚫Multiply the number by it self.
X X-M (X-M)²
Example: 4 2 4 16

Solution: ( 4 )² 4 2 4

= 16 9 3 9

10 4 16

5 -1 1
Σ(X-M) ²
=46
3rd Step:
⚫Add all the numbers that come out in
multiplying the numbers.
X X-M (X-M)²
Example:
2 4 16

4 2 4
16 + 4 + 9 +16 +
9 3 9
1= 46
10 4 16

5 -1 1
Σ(X-M) ²
=46
Last Step:
⚫Divide the number that you add
to the mean.
Σ( X-M )²
Example: σ=————
N
46 ÷ 6 = 9.2
46
=———
So, the variance of the
population is 9.2. 6
=9.2
Next...
 3. Determine the number of possible
samples.
Use formula CN n. Here N= 5 and n=
3.
C = 10

So, there are 10 possible of size

that can be drawn.
Remember:
🟣Do what you have learned in lesson
1(sample distribution of sample means).

N! 5!
C
N n'
= ————
n! (N-n)!
= ————
3! (5-3)!

5.4.3! 5. 4 20
= ——— = —— = —— = 10
3!2! 2.1 2
Next...
 4. List all possible SAMPLE MEAN

2,4,9 5.00
samples and their
corresponding 2,4,10 5.33

means. 2,4,5 3.67

2,9,10 7.00

2,9,5 5.33

2,10,5 5.67

Remember: 4,9,10 7.67

4,9,5 6.00
🟣 Apply what you
4,10,5 6.33
learned in lesson 1.
9,10,5 8.00
Next...
 Sample Mean Frequency Probability
(x) P( x )
5. Construct the
3.67 1 1/10= 0.10
dumpling
5.00 1 1/10= 0.10
distribution of the
5.33 2 2/10= 0.20
sample means.
5.67 1 1/10= 0.10

6.00 1 1/10= 0.10

6.33 1 1/10= 0.10

Remember: 7.00 1 1/10= 0.10

🟣 Do the solution 7.67 1 1/10= 0.10

here too. 8.00 1 1/10= 0.10

TOTAL n=10 1.00

 Sample Probability
Mean (x) P( x ) X. P(X)
6. Compute the
mean of the 3.67 1/10= 0.10 0.37

sampling 5.00 1/10= 0.10 0.5

distribution of the 5.33 2/10= 0.20 1.07

sample means.
5.67 1/10= 0.10 0.57

6.00 1/10= 0.10 0.6

6.33 1/10= 0.10 0.63

How to get the 7.00 1/10= 0.10 0.7
answers in third
7.67 1/10= 0.10 0.77
column.
8.00 1/10= 0.10 0.8

TOTAL 1.00 6
 Formula: Sample Mean

Mx =Σ[x. P(x)]
Probability
 Sample Probability

Steps: 1st Step: Mean (x) P( x )

3.67 1/10= 0.10

⚫Multiply the sample mean to 5.00 1/10= 0.10

corresponding probability. 5.33 2/10= 0.20

Example: 5.67 1/10= 0.10

6.00 1/10= 0.10

Mx =Σ[x. P(x)] 6.33 1/10= 0.10
=3.67(.10) + 5(.10) +
7.00 1/10= 0.10
5.33(.20) + 5.67(.10) +
7.67 1/10= 0.10
6(.10) + 6.33(.10) + 7(.10)
8.00 1/10= 0.10
+ 7.67(.10) + 8(.10)
TOTAL 1.00
 Sample Probability
Last Step: Mean (x) P( x ) X. P(X)

3.67 1/10= 0.10 0.37

⚫Add the answers
of each numbered 5.00 1/10= 0.10 0.5

separated to plus. 5.33 2/10= 0.20 1.07

5.67 1/10= 0.10 0.57

Example: 6.00 1/10= 0.10 0.6

0.37 + 0.5 + 1.07+ 6.33 1/10= 0.10 0.63

0.57 + 0.6 + 0.63 + 7.00 1/10= 0.10 0.7

0.7 +0.77 + 0.8 7.67 1/10= 0.10 0.77

Answer: 8.00 1/10= 0.10 0.8

M=6 TOTAL 1.00 6

Next...
7. Compute the variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
Solution:
σ²x = Σ[P(x) . (x-M)²] or Σ[x² . P(x) -M²]
σ²x = [0.1(3.67-6)² + 0.1(5-6)² + 0.2(5.33-6)² +
0.1(5.67-6)² + 0.1(6-6)² + 0.1(6.33-6)² + 0.1(7-
6)² + 0.1(7.67-6) + 0.1(8-6)²
σ²x = 1.53

🔴How to do this?
Steps:
1st Step:
⚫Get the formula.
σ²x = Σ[P(x) . (x-M)²]
or
Σ[x² . P(x) -M²]
 (x) P( x ) X. P(X)

Pro
2nd Step:

ba
⚫Determine 3.67 1/10= 0.10 0.37

bili
and list the

ty
5.00 1/10= 0.10 0.5

probability, 5.33 2/10= 0.20 1.07

sample mean, 5.67 1/10= 0.10 0.57
and population
6.00 1/10= 0.10 0.6
mean.
6.33 1/10= 0.10 0.63

7.00 1/10= 0.10 0.7

7.67 1/10= 0.10 0.77

Sample 8.00 1/10= 0.10 0.8
Population
Mean Mean
TOTAL 1.00 6
3rd Step:
⚫Distribute the numbers what you
determined in the formula.
σ²x = Σ[P(x) . (x-M)²] or
Σ[x² . P(x) -M²]
σ²x = [0.1(3.67-6)² + 0.1(5-6)² +
0.2(5.33-6)² + 0.1(5.67-6)² + 0.1(6-
6)² + 0.1(6.33-6)² + 0.1(7-6)² +
0.1(7.67-6) + 0.1(8-6)²
 4th Step:
⚫Multiply and subtract the p
Probability to sample mean, and put a
square (²) after the parenthesis.
σ²x = Σ[P(x) . (x-M)²] or
Σ[x² . P(x) -M²]
σ²x = [0.1(3.67-6)² + 0.1(5-6)² +
0.2(5.33-6)² + 0.1(5.67-6)² + 0.1(6-
6)² + 0.1(6.33-6)² + 0.1(7-6)² +
0.1(7.67-6) + 0.1(8-6)²
Last Step:
⚫Add the answers and you will see
the final answer.
σ²x = 0.54 + 0.1 + 0.09 + 0.01 + 0
+ 0.01 + 0.1 + 0.28 + 0.4
= 1.53
Therefore, the variance of sampling
distribution of the sample means is 1.53.
 σ² N-n
Or σ²x = — . ———
n N-1
σ²x = 9.2 N= 5 n=3
9.2 5-3
σ² x = —— . ———
3 5-1
9.2 2
σ²x = —— . ——
3 4
σ²x = 1.53
Steps:
1st Step:
⚫Get the formula.
σ² N-n
σ²x = — . ———
n N-1
2nd Step:
⚫Determine the
Σ( X-M )²
variance of the σ=————
population(σ²), N
population size(N), 46
and sample size(n). =———
6
=9.2
3rd Step:
⚫Divide the send fraction.

9.2 5 - 53- 3
σ²x = —— . ———
———
3 5 -5 1- 1
4th Step:
⚫ Divide and multiply.

1st to divide.

9.2 2
σ²x = —— . ——
3 4
2nd to divide to
the answer.
Last multiply.
Last Step:

⚫Simplify.

σ²x = 1.53

Therefore, the variance of sampling

distribution of the sample means is
1.53.
Next...
8. Construct the 🔴How diagram
histogram. created?

4/10
3/10

2/10

1/10

0 3.67 5 5.33 5.67 6 6.33 7 7.67 8

Steps: 1st Step:
⚫ Create a table.
2st Step:
⚫ List the sample mean and probability.

4/10
3/10

2/10

1/10

0 3.67 5 5.33 5.67 6 6.33 7 7.67 8

Last Step: ⚫Shade or highlight the probability
of each sample mean.

4/10
3/10

2/10

1/10

0 3.67 5 5.33 5.67 6 6.33 7 7.67 8

Chapter:3

SOLVING PROBLEMS
INVOLVING SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
MEANS
 FORMULA:
x-M
x-M Z= ———
Z= ———
σ
σ
——
√n
🟥If the problem is 🟥If the problem is
dealing with an dealing with the
individual data data about the sample
obtained from the mean or n
population. obseryations.
Where x = sample mean
M = population mean
σ = population
standard deviation
n = sample size
 Problem:
🟪The average time it takes a group of Senior
High School students to
complete a certain examination is 48.2
minutes. The standard deviation is 7
minutes. Assume that the variable is
normally distributed.
1. What is the probability that a randomly
selected Senior High School
student will complete the examination in less
than 45 minutes?
 STEPS:
Step 1: ⚫Write the given data.
🟪The average time it takes a group of Senior High
School students to
complete a certain examination is 48.2 minutes.
The standard deviation is 7 minutes. Assume that
the variable is normally distributed.
1. What is the probability that a randomly selected
Senior High School
student will complete the examination in less than
45 minutes?
M= 48.2, o=7, X=45
Step 2:
⚫Identify what is asked for:

P(X < 45)

Step 3:
⚫Identify the formula to
be used:

x-M
z = ———
σ
Step 4:
⚫Compute the probability:

x-M 45 – 48.2
z= ——— = —————— =-0.46
σ 7

-0.46 | 0.1772 P(X < 45) = 0.3228

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
32.28%
🔴Therefore, the probability that a randomly
selected Senior High School student will
complete the examination in less than 45
minutes
P(X < 45) = 0.3228 is 0.3228 or 32.28%.
Another
Example:
 Problem:
🟪The average time it takes a group of Senior
High School students to
complete a certain examination is 48.2
minutes. The standard deviation is 4 minutes.
Assume that the variable is normally
distributed.
2. If 40 randomly selected SHS student take the
examination, what is the probability that the
mean time it takes the group to complete the test
will be less than 45 minutes?
 STEPS:
Step 1:⚫Write the given data.
🟪The average time it takes a group of Senior High
School students to
complete a certain examination is 48.2 minutes.
The standard deviation is 7 minutes. Assume that
the variable is normally distributed.
2. If 40 randomly selected SHS student take the
examination, what is the probability that the mean
time it takes the group to complete the test will be
less than 45 minutes?

M= 48.2, σ =7, x= 45, n = 40

Step 2:
⚫Identify what is asked for:

P(X < 45)

Step 3:
⚫Identify the formula to
be used:
x-M
z = ———
σ
——
√n
Step 4:
⚫Compute the probability:

x-M 45 - 48.2
z = ——— = ————— = 2.89
σ 7
—— ———
√n √40
-2. 89| 0.4981 P(X < 45) = 0.0019
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
0.19%
🔴Therefore, the probability that 40 randomly
selected Senior High School student will
complete the examination in less than 45
minutes
P(X < 45) = 0.0019 is 0.0019 or 0.19%.
Questions:
THANK YOU